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ILoveBIO30 ILoveBIO30
wrote...
Posts: 87
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8 years ago
1.A hockey player has a penalty shot on a goaltender. The goalie moves out to challenge the best player of the opposing team. A shot is directed to the upper right corner of the net. The goalie immediately flips out his blocker and deflects the puck up and over the boards. As the goalie watches the approaching player, his eyes act as receptors for a complex nerve action that results in the deflection of the puck.

Describe the nervous system pathway that enables the goalie to see and deflect the puck.

2. Some athletes choose to take performance enhancing drugs to improve their performance and endurance. The normal neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions is acetylcholine (ACh)

If the player taking the penalty shot choose to take a drug that mimics ACh, predict what effect this will have on the synapse.

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wrote...
Staff Member
A year ago
1.

The nervous system pathway that enables the goalie to see and deflect the puck is a complex process that involves several parts of the central nervous system. When the shot is directed towards the upper right corner of the net, the goalie’s eyes act as receptors and send visual information to the brain via the optic nerve. The visual information is then processed in the occipital lobe of the brain, which is responsible for visual perception. The processed information is then sent to the parietal lobe, which is responsible for spatial awareness and perception of movement. The parietal lobe sends signals to the motor cortex, which controls voluntary movement, and to the cerebellum, which coordinates movement and balance. The motor cortex sends signals to the muscles in the goalie’s arm, which are responsible for moving the blocker. The cerebellum sends signals to the muscles in the goalie’s arm and hand, which are responsible for coordinating movement and balance. The goalie’s eyes also send information to the brainstem, which controls involuntary movements such as blinking and eye movements. The brainstem sends signals to the muscles in the eyelids, which are responsible for blinking. In summary, this complex pathway involves several parts of the central nervous system working together to enable the goalie to see and deflect the puck.

2.

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the normal neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, and it is responsible for transmitting signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers. If an athlete takes a drug that mimics ACh, it will bind to the ACh receptors on the muscle fibers and activate them. This will cause an increase in the amount of calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which will lead to an increase in muscle contraction. The drug will also prevent the breakdown of ACh by acetylcholinesterase, which will prolong the effect of ACh on the muscle fibers. This will result in increased muscle strength and endurance, which can improve athletic performance.

At the synapse, the drug that mimics ACh will bind to the ACh receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and activate them. This will cause an influx of sodium ions into the postsynaptic cell, which will depolarize the membrane and generate an action potential. The action potential will then propagate along the axon of the postsynaptic cell and trigger the release of neurotransmitters at the next synapse. The drug may also affect other neurotransmitters in the synapse, leading to changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity.

It is important to note that taking performance-enhancing drugs can have serious health consequences and is considered unethical in many sports. Athletes should focus on training and proper nutrition to improve their performance instead of relying on drugs.
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