A patient has been brought to the emergency department (ED)

A patient has been brought to the emergency department (ED) with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of an ischemic stroke. The ED nurse is aware that a disruption in cerebral blood flow will have initiated the ischemic cascade. The mitochondria in the patient's affected neurons respond to impaired blood supply by:

a)   Releasing cytokines that signal the brain to shunt blood flow to alternative routes

b)   Metabolizing stored glucose contained in the cytoplasm

c)   Changing from aerobic respiration to anaerobic metabolism

d)   Signaling the cell nucleus to synthesize oxygen