In the late twentieth century, the construct of genetic engineering was developed. What does this ...

In the late twentieth century, the construct of genetic engineering was developed. What does this refer to?
 
  A) The intentional manipulation of genetic material to a predictable outcome
  B) The cloning of genetic material for pharmaceutical and other purposes
  C) The biotechnology industry concerned with manipulating the genetic makeup of life for medical and other purposes
  D) The restructuring of genetic materials to exclude defects in a biological organism
  E) The planned intercession of genetic material with DNA in order to form a hybrid species