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ela ela
wrote...
11 years ago
Compare and contrast the processes of replication and transcription. Be sure o include in the discussion a comparison of the purpose of the processes, the templates used in each process, when each process occurs, and the initiation and termination of the processes.
 
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wrote...
Educator
11 years ago
Similarities:

Both processes occur in the nucleus. Both processes also involve specific complementary base pairing. Both processes involving the unwinding of the double helix DNA. Both processes involve forming of hydrogen bonds between the original DNA and the eventual product.

Differences:

Replication involves the forming of a new DNA molecule but the product of transcription is an mRNA molecule. Replication uses the base thymine but transcription uses the base uracil. Replication uses deoxyribose sugar but transcription uses ribose sugar. Replication involves DNA polymerase whereas transcription involves RNA polymerase. In replication, the DNA does not remain intact as both parent strands are eventually separated under semi-conservative replication whereas in transcription, the DNA eventually remains intact. Replication occurs in order for mitosis to occur, it is part of the cell division cycle; however, transcription occurs as a part of protein synthesis.
wrote...
11 years ago
DNA replication involves unzipping the double helix with helicase and attaching a RNA primer with primase, and DNA polymerase III attaches nucleotides to the primers on the leading strand, and the lagging strand is built with okazaki fragments that are joined together with DNA ligase. Topoisomerase straightens out the DNA strand as it is being unzipped and single-strand binding proteins hold the DNA template in place while it is being copied.

Transcription involves the the building of an mRNA and does not require helicase to unzip the DNA double helix. In the initiation step, RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter region and the DNA strands unwind and RNA polymerase transcribes the mRNA strand, called the elongation phase. The mRNA strand comes out while it is still being transcribed, and the DNA double helix is rewound after RNA polymerase passes it. In the termination stage, the RNA transcript (mRNA) is released and the RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA strand.
wrote...
11 years ago
Pretty much what the previous person said.

DNA replication is the process by which a copy of the DNA molecule is made. First, DNA helicase unzips the DNA and then DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to each strand of DNA, in the 5' to 3' direction.

Transcription is the formation of a molecule of mRNA, from a strand of DNA. Again, helicase unzips the DNA, and now RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand. At the end of replication, there are two identical, double stranded molecules of DNA, and at the end of transcription, there is the original molecule of DNA, plus a single stranded molecule of mRNA.
wrote...
11 years ago
In DNA replication you produce DNA from DNA. You need deoxyribonucleotide triphophosphates and DNA polymerase for this purpose.

In RNA transcription you produce RNA by reading DNA. You need ribonucleotide triphospates and RNA polymerase for this purpose.

In RNA translation, you produce protein by reading the codons of RNA. You need amino acids and peptidyl transferase and a platform(ribosome) for this to happen.
wrote...
11 years ago
DNA replication means that the entire strand of DNA is copied. You end up with two double stranded DNAs that are full length. The four bases that make up DNA are A,T,G & C.

Transcription is the copying of just a small section of DNA. You end up with a small, single stranded molecule of RNA. RNA has one base that is different from DNA. Instead of T, it copies as a U. So the four bases that make up RNA are A,U,G & C.

In addition to this, the backbone of DNA is made up of DEOXYribose (a sugar), and RNA is RIBOSE. The deoxy ribose has one less oxygen atom than the ribose.

The similarities would be that they are both strands of nucleotides, with a sugar-phosphate backbone, and that both carry genetic information.
wrote...
Staff Member
11 years ago
- Master of Science in Biology
- Bachelor of Science
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