Question about Pyruvate Oxidation

The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl Coenzyme-A (acetyl-CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. First, a carboxyl group is removed as carbon dioxide, which diffuses out of the cell. Then the two-carbon fragment remaining is oxidized, and the hydrogens that were removed during the oxidation are accepted by NAD+. Finally, the oxidized two-carbon fragment, an acetyl group, is attached to Coenzyme-A, which is manufactured in the cell from one of the B vitamins, pantothenic acid. The reaction is catalyzed by a multienzyme complex that contains several copies of each of three different enzymes. The overall reaction for the formation of acetyl Coenzyme-A can be stated as follows:

2 pyruvate + 2 NAD+ + 2 CoA 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 carbon dioxide


Note that the original glucose molecule has now been oxidized to two acetyl groups and two carbon dioxide molecules. The hydrogens removed have reduced NAD+ to NADH. At this point in aerobic respiration, four NADH molecules have been formed from a single starting glucose molecule, two during glycolosis and two during the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.

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Pyruvic acid is the accessible of the alpha–keto acids, with a carboxylic acids & a ketone(RC(=O)R',) groups. Pyruvic acid can be made with glucose through glycolysis changed back to carbohydrates’ by gluconeo genesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-Chloride. It can also be used to create the amino acid alanine (α-amino acid) and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid by fermentation ( metabolic process that converts sugar to acids).
Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the volume of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis.
CH3COCl + KCN → CH3COCN + KCl
CH3COCN → CH3COCOOH