Define chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart.

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While all types of cardiomyopathy can cause heart failure, each case requires specific strategies for recovery. Heart failure is treated with a vigorous blend of patient education, dietary changes, and medications.

Possible medications include:

* Positive inotropic medications: These medicines help the heart contract. Digoxin is one type of positive inotropic medication. It is no longer widely used, except in cases complicated by atrial arrhythmias. Other medicines have replaced digoxin. Positive inotropic medications given to patients in the hospital include dopamine, dobutamine, and milrinone.

POSITIVE CHRONOTROPIC

Activation by CGP 12177 and cyanopindolol of the human and rat low-affinity state of beta1-adrenoceptors increases frequency and contractile force and hastens relaxation in isolated cardiac tissues, and probably relaxes isolated vessels. In order to identify the positive inotropic, positive lusitropic and vasodilator effects of both agonists also in vivo, we have determined their effects on the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the rate of intraventricular pressure rise (+dP dt-1max) and decline (-dP dt-1max), the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the mesenteric blood flow (MBF) in pithed and vagotomized rats.

I HOPE THIS WILL HELP YOU OUT ALTHOUGH A BIT COMPLICATED, BUT ANYTHING FOR KNOWLEDGE.

Inotropic refers to the force of contraction and chronotropic refers to the heart rate. Something with a positive inotropic effect indreases the force of contraciton of the heart, such as digoxin. Somthing with a positive chronotropic increases heart rate, such as epinephrine.

*Something that effects HEART RATE

*Can be a positive chronotropic effect (raises heart rate)

*Can be a negative chronotropic effect (lowers heart rate)


*Something that effects HEART CONTRACTILITY (i.e. stroke volume)

*Can be a positive inotropic effect (increases heart contractility)

*Can be a negative inotropic effect (decreases heart contractility)

Thank you all so much this really helps