Lecture 8 - Fishing

CGEO 702 TECHNOLOGY & CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTS Lecture 5 [Fisheries] Dr Abednego Aryee Department of Geography Ryerson University PRODUCTIVE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS 1. Coral reefs 2. Abyssal plain 3. Convergence of cold and warm ocean currents 4. Mangrove swamps The upper waters of the oceans flow horizontally in currents 12-* FIGURE 12.6 MANGROVE SWAMPS CURRENT CHANLLENGES OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY Intense exploitation of fish stocks Ocean-atmospheric interactions Most marine and fresh waters have been fished to the brink of extinction GREEN PEACE PATROLLING SHIP SEA SHEPHERD SOCIETY SEA SHEPHERD SOCIETY EMPTY OCEANS, EMPTY NETS 1. What technologies and activities are responsible for declining fish stock and the global fisheries crises? ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ..………………………………………………………………. 2. List 4 of the world’s richest and productive fishing grounds and provide examples of fish caught in the region. ……………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………….. ..……………………………………………………………… 3. What are the sources of conflict and dispute between communities and government regulators in fisheries management? ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… 4. What are some of the sustainable fishing practices and techniques? ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… . ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS ON FISHERIES Physical alteration of coastal ecosystems eg. removal of mangrove swamps Pollution from land-based and marine-based activities - Point-source - Non-point source Risks of collision and oil spills from single- hulled oil tankers THREATS TO FISH & MARINE ECOSYSTEMS Introduction of aggressive and non-native species Climate change and global warming Raw sewerage discharge into oceans Plastic and metallic wastes Cultural eutrophication Fishing techniques By-catch Population growth and incessant consumption of sea food THREATS TO FISH & MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AQUACULTURE Aquaculture creates employment and increases income level of rural communities. It is a source of food supply and improved nutrition. It preserves aquatic biodiversity. Aquaculture also stimulates education. RAINBOW TROUT Most intensive land-based culture in Victoria is based on flow-through "Danish" pond systems Atlantic Salmon CHINA BANGLADESH Source: FAO Integrated organic crop-fish farm, Vietnam Species Feeding Low in the Aquatic Chain Recycle Nutrients with Positive Benefits Source: FAO, Organic aquaculture farm, Germany Organic Aquaculture Demand is Growing TILPIA POND Channel catfish Here is a picture of a stingray barb that killed Steve Irwin. It is pointy and poisonous to boot.  Aerial view of Mangrove Forests that have Been Cleared for Farming & Aquaculture Kalimantan, Borneo (Indonesian Borneo) Harvesting of Fish in Aquaculture