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Cell.docx

Uploaded: 7 years ago
Contributor: mykingdom
Category: Medicine
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Cell Multiple Choice Questions   1. The unit of measurement often used to measure cell size is the     A.  Millimeter B.  Micrometer C.  Hectometer D.  Centimeter E.  Meter   2. The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the     A.  Scanning electron microscope B.  Transmission electron microscope C.  Light microscope D.  Naked eye E.  Telescope   3. An image produced by passing visible light through a specimen is obtained using the     A.  Transmission electron microscope B.  Light microscope C.  Scanning electron microscope D.  Dissecting scope E.  Ocular examination method   4. Among the functions of human body cells are     A.  Covering B.  Storage C.  Movement D.  Communication E.  All of the choices are correct   5. Among the functions of human body cells are     A.  Making connections B.  Providing for defense C.  Lining surfaces D.  Producing new cells E.  All of the choices are correct   6. The _______ is responsible for forming the outer, limiting barrier of a cell.     A.  Peroxisome B.  Ribosome C.  Mitochondrion D.  Plasma membrane E.  Centrosome   7. The ______ is the cell's control center.     A.  Golgi apparatus B.  Nucleus C.  Lysosome D.  Cytosol E.  Smooth ER   8. The _________ are responsible for synthesizing most of a human body cell's ATP.     A.  Lysosomes B.  Microfilaments C.  Nucleoli D.  Ribosomes E.  Mitochondria   9. Which is a nonmembrane-bound organelle?     A.  Microtubule B.  Lysosome C.  Golgi apparatus D.  Rough endoplasmic reticulum E.  Mitochondrion   10. Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place, maintaining cell shape and rigidity, and direct organelle movement?     A.  Centrioles B.  Flagella C.  Golgi apparatus D.  Microtubules E.  Cilia   11. Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.     A.  Peroxisomes B.  Mitochondria C.  Smooth ER D.  Golgi apparatus E.  Lysosomes   12. Which are not considered to be "inclusions" in the cytoplasm?     A.  Melanin droplets B.  Protein droplets C.  Ribosomes D.  Glycogen granules E.  Lipid droplets   13. Which of these is considered a "gate keeper" that regulates the passage of materials in or out of the cell?     A.  Cilia B.  Plasma membrane C.  Lysosome D.  Cholesterol molecule E.  Flagellum   14. Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.     A.  Catalytic B.  Integral C.  Cytoskeleton D.  Peripheral E.  Transport   15. Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called _____ proteins.     A.  Catalytic B.  Cytoskeleton C.  Transport D.  Cell to cell recognition (identification) E.  Intercellular attachment   16. Among the factors that influence cell membrane permeability are     A.  Phospholipid composition of the membrane B.  Ionic charge along the membrane C.  Presence or absence of transport proteins D.  Molecule size E.  All of the choices are correct   17. Which is an active transport process?     A.  Simple diffusion B.  Bulk filtration C.  Osmosis D.  Facilitated diffusion E.  Ion pump   18. The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by     A.  Ion pumps B.  Receptor-mediated exocytosis C.  Osmosis D.  Facilitated diffusion E.  Phagocytosis   19. Which is a passive transport process?     A.  Phagocytosis B.  Pinocytosis C.  Receptor-mediated endocytosis D.  Osmosis E.  Ion pump   20. Another name for the intracellular fluid is     A.  Cytosol B.  Interstitial fluid C.  Intercellular matrix D.  Cytoplasm E.  Cisternae   21. Bulk filtration occurs as a result of     A.  Molecular movement with carrier assistance B.  Hydrostatic pressure C.  The expenditure of energy in the form of ATP D.  Concentration gradients E.  Ion pumps   22. Exocytosis occurs as a result of     A.  Hydrostatic pressure B.  The expenditure of energy in the form of ATP C.  Molecular movement with carrier assistance D.  Concentration gradients E.  Ion pumps   23. In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol, the ______ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER.     A.  Liver B.  Kidney C.  Small intestine D.  Pancreas E.  Stomach   24. The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of     A.  Phagocytosis B.  Pinocytosis C.  Receptor-mediated endocytosis D.  Receptor-mediated exocytosis E.  Simple diffusion   25. Which is a membrane-bound organelle?     A.  Endoplasmic reticulum B.  Lysosome C.  Golgi apparatus D.  Peroxisome E.  No exceptions; all of these are membrane-bound organelles   26. Removal of old organelles is via a process called     A.  Pinocytosis B.  Autophagy C.  Autolysis D.  Filtration E.  Vascularization   27. Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ______ cells.     A.  Liver B.  Kidney C.  Pancreas D.  Thymus E.  Pituitary   28. The factor that determines the number of mitochondria in a cell is its _______ need.     A.  Water B.  Protein C.  Energy D.  Stimulus E.  Fat   29. The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called     A.  Matrix B.  Vesicles C.  Vacuoles D.  Cristae E.  Cisternae   30. The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are a part of the mitotic spindle are called     A.  Centrioles B.  Nucleoli C.  Microvilli D.  Cilia E.  Vesicles   31. Which are often associated with mucin-secreting goblet cells?     A.  Cilia B.  Flagellum C.  Microvilli D.  Ribosomes E.  Cisternae   32. In humans, the only cell that bears a flagellum is the ________ cell.     A.  Kidney B.  Oocyte C.  Red blood D.  Brain E.  Sperm   33. Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and/or secretion?     A.  Flagella B.  Microvilli C.  Cilia D.  Cilia and flagella E.  Cilia and microvilli   34. Since they produce ribosome subunits, one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize     A.  Energy sources B.  Pigments C.  Solubility enhancing substances D.  Steroid hormones E.  Proteins   35. All resting nucleated human cells contain     A.  Melanin B.  Chromosomes C.  Chromatin D.  Insulin E.  Glycogen   36. Which are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton?     A.  Microtubules B.  Microfilaments C.  Intermediate filaments D.  Centrosomes E.  Centrioles   37. The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called     A.  Nucleoli B.  Nucleotides C.  Bases D.  Nucleic acids E.  Nuclear pores   38. Which is not one of the bases found in DNA nucleotides?     A.  Adenine B.  Cytosine C.  Guanine D.  Thymine E.  Diamine   39. During its mitotic phase a cell is     A.  Undergoing maintenance B.  Dividing C.  Hibernating D.  Changing into a gamete E.  Going from a gamete to a somatic cell   40. The function of the nucleolus is to make     A.  DNA molecules B.  The subunits of ribosomes C.  The secretions that will be packaged by the Golgi apparatus D.  Histones E.  The deoxyribose sugar   41. The life cycle of the cell is called the _____ cycle.     A.  Mitotic B.  Motor C.  Somatic D.  Cell E.  Armstrong   42. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mitosis?     A.  Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase B.  Metaphase - prophase - anaphase - telophase C.  Telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase D.  Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase E.  Prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase   43. The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is     A.  Metaphase B.  Anaphase C.  Telophase D.  Prophase E.  Interphase   44. The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromosomes at each pole of the cell is     A.  Metaphase B.  Anaphase C.  Telophase D.  Prophase E.  S phase   45. Which does not occur during the G2 phase?     A.  Centriole replication is completed B.  Organelle production continues C.  Enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized D.  Each DNA molecule replicates E.  No exceptions; all of these occur during the G2 phase   46. The last part of interphase is called     A.  The first "gap" phase B.  The second "gap" phase C.  Telophase D.  The S phase E.  Anaphase   47. The replication of the DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the     A.  First "gap" phase B.  S phase C.  Second "gap" phase D.  Generation "gap" phase E.  Mall "gap" phase   48. It is during ______ that the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of a dividing cell.     A.  Anaphase B.  Metaphase C.  Prophase D.  Telophase E.  Interphase   49. The interphase period of cell division has ______ distinct phases.     A.  2 B.  3 C.  4 D.  5 E.  6   50. Cytokinesis usually begins before ________ ends.     A.  Prophase B.  Interphase C.  Metaphase D.  Anaphase E.  Telophase   51. Which is not characteristic of a cell undergoing apoptosis?     A.  Chromatin degradation B.  Shrinkage in volume C.  Abnormal development in organelle structure D.  Abnormal development in plasma membrane structure E.  No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of a cell undergoing apoptosis   52. Hyperplasia is defined as     A.  The abnormal development of a tissue B.  The movement or spread of malignant cells C.  An always abnormal growth of cells that invade surrounding tissue D.  A generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ E.  An increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ   53. Metastasis is     A.  The abnormal development of a tissue B.  The movement or spread of malignant cells C.  An obvious loss of cellular or structural differentiation in the orientation of cells to each other D.  A generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ E.  An increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ   54. The root "chroma" means     A.  Body B.  Characteristic C.  Strength D.  Color E.  Condition   55. The term "flagellum" is appropriate for the structure it represents because it means     A.  An eyelid B.  The center C.  A nut or kernel D.  A whip E.  A bench     True / False Questions   56. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses an electron beam to create an image for viewing.     True    False   57. Some muscle and nerve cells in humans may approach a meter in length.     True    False   58. Some cells are designed solely to produce new individuals.     True    False   59. Often, a cell's functions are reflected in either its size or shape.     True    False   60. Among the many functions of the liver's cells is the storage of carbohydrates as glycogen.     True    False   61. Fibroblast cells form protein fibers that function to attach structures together.     True    False   62. Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.     True    False   63. Mitochondria are responsible for the synthesis of most of the energy rich ATP molecules used by human cells.     True    False   64. Among the functions of the plasma membrane are to form specialized intercellular connections, provide for selective permeability, and facilitate the recognition and response to molecular signals.     True    False   65. Materials tend to move less rapidly when their concentrations are significantly different between two compartments.     True    False   66. If the inside of a cell has a net negative (ionic) charge, a negative ion outside the membrane is more likely to be attracted to the intracellular environment.     True    False   67. The cellular uptake of large particulate substances and macromolecules is called endocytosis.     True    False   68. The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.     True    False   69. Everything packaged by the Golgi apparatus for secretion leaves the cell within a vesicle.     True    False   70. Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.     True    False   71. Organelles that are always in direct contact with the cytosol are called nonmembrane-bound organelles.     True    False   72. Ribosomes that are attached to the RER are called "free ribosomes".     True    False   73. Generally, the shape of a nucleus mirrors the shape of the cell within which it is found.     True    False   74. The subunits of ribosomes are exported outside the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where they are assembled into their finished product.     True    False   75. The condensed, "wound" nature of chromosomes during cell division prevents the DNA from directing the production of additional cellular proteins.     True    False   76. Cancers are more prevalent in the elderly because the mechanism of cell division becomes faultier with age.     True    False   77. Metaplasia is the abnormal transformation of a fully differentiated adult tissue into a differentiated tissue of another kind.     True    False     Fill in the Blank Questions   78. Within the bone marrow are __________ cells that continuously produce new blood cells.     ________________________________________   79. Collagen produced by ____________ cells forms ligaments that attach bone to bone.     ________________________________________   80. _____________ is the general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.     ________________________________________   81. _____________ are short, membrane-attached projections containing microtubules that occur in large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces.     ________________________________________   82. The term used to describe the fluid within a cell is _______________, or intracellular fluid.     ________________________________________   83. The _____________ proteins are those that are not embedded in the membrane lipid bilayer but are attached loosely to its external and internal surfaces.     ________________________________________   84. The fuzzy coat made of glycoproteins and glycolipids found on the external surface of the plasma membrane is called the _______________.     ________________________________________   85. A membrane that is able to regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell is described as being _________ _________ (2 words).     ________________________________________   86. In _____________ transport, substances move across a plasma membrane without the expenditure of energy by the cell.     ________________________________________   87. _______________ transport is required to move a substance across a membrane against a concentration gradient.     ________________________________________   88. The means by which large molecules are brought into the cell is called _______________.     ________________________________________   89. A cell mediated process that transports large molecules across the plasma membrane and out of the cell is called ________________.     ________________________________________   90. The technical term for "cellular drinking" is _______________.     ________________________________________   91. The first "R" in RER stands for _______________.     ________________________________________   92. The digestion of a cell by its own enzymes is called _______________.     ________________________________________   93. _____________ ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins that remain within the cell.     ________________________________________   94. The cytoskeleton has three separate components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and ______________.     ________________________________________   95. DNA is organized into discrete units called ____________ that provide information for the production of specific proteins.     ________________________________________   96. Nuclear ____________ are open passageways that penetrate fused regions of the double membrane of the nuclear envelope.     ________________________________________   97. The production of sperm and oocytes is achieved through a cell division process called _____________.     ________________________________________   98. The two identical cells that arise from mitosis are called ____________ cells.     ________________________________________   99. _____________ is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division.     ________________________________________   100. The duplicated chromosome that appears during prophase consists of two genetically identical structures called sister ________________.    ________________________________________   Chapter 2. Cell Key     Multiple Choice Questions   1. The unit of measurement often used to measure cell size is the     A.  Millimeter B.  Micrometer C.  Hectometer D.  Centimeter E.  Meter   2. The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the     A.  Scanning electron microscope B.  Transmission electron microscope C.  Light microscope D.  Naked eye E.  Telescope   3. An image produced by passing visible light through a specimen is obtained using the     A.  Transmission electron microscope B.  Light microscope C.  Scanning electron microscope D.  Dissecting scope E.  Ocular examination method   4. Among the functions of human body cells are     A.  Covering B.  Storage C.  Movement D.  Communication E.  All of the choices are correct   5. Among the functions of human body cells are     A.  Making connections B.  Providing for defense C.  Lining surfaces D.  Producing new cells E.  All of the choices are correct   6. The _______ is responsible for forming the outer, limiting barrier of a cell.     A.  Peroxisome B.  Ribosome C.  Mitochondrion D.  Plasma membrane E.  Centrosome   7. The ______ is the cell's control center.     A.  Golgi apparatus B.  Nucleus C.  Lysosome D.  Cytosol E.  Smooth ER   8. The _________ are responsible for synthesizing most of a human body cell's ATP.     A.  Lysosomes B.  Microfilaments C.  Nucleoli D.  Ribosomes E.  Mitochondria   9. Which is a nonmembrane-bound organelle?     A.  Microtubule B.  Lysosome C.  Golgi apparatus D.  Rough endoplasmic reticulum E.  Mitochondrion   10. Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place, maintaining cell shape and rigidity, and direct organelle movement?     A.  Centrioles B.  Flagella C.  Golgi apparatus D.  Microtubules E.  Cilia   11. Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.     A.  Peroxisomes B.  Mitochondria C.  Smooth ER D.  Golgi apparatus E.  Lysosomes   12. Which are not considered to be "inclusions" in the cytoplasm?     A.  Melanin droplets B.  Protein droplets C.  Ribosomes D.  Glycogen granules E.  Lipid droplets   13. Which of these is considered a "gate keeper" that regulates the passage of materials in or out of the cell?     A.  Cilia B.  Plasma membrane C.  Lysosome D.  Cholesterol molecule E.  Flagellum   14. Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.     A.  Catalytic B.  Integral C.  Cytoskeleton D.  Peripheral E.  Transport   15. Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called _____ proteins.     A.  Catalytic B.  Cytoskeleton C.  Transport D.  Cell to cell recognition (identification) E.  Intercellular attachment   16. Among the factors that influence cell membrane permeability are     A.  Phospholipid composition of the membrane B.  Ionic charge along the membrane C.  Presence or absence of transport proteins D.  Molecule size E.  All of the choices are correct   17. Which is an active transport process?     A.  Simple diffusion B.  Bulk filtration C.  Osmosis D.  Facilitated diffusion E.  Ion pump   18. The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by     A.  Ion pumps B.  Receptor-mediated exocytosis C.  Osmosis D.  Facilitated diffusion E.  Phagocytosis   19. Which is a passive transport process?     A.  Phagocytosis B.  Pinocytosis C.  Receptor-mediated endocytosis D.  Osmosis E.  Ion pump   20. Another name for the intracellular fluid is     A.  Cytosol B.  Interstitial fluid C.  Intercellular matrix D.  Cytoplasm E.  Cisternae   21. Bulk filtration occurs as a result of     A.  Molecular movement with carrier assistance B.  Hydrostatic pressure C.  The expenditure of energy in the form of ATP D.  Concentration gradients E.  Ion pumps   22. Exocytosis occurs as a result of     A.  Hydrostatic pressure B.  The expenditure of energy in the form of ATP C.  Molecular movement with carrier assistance D.  Concentration gradients E.  Ion pumps   23. In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol, the ______ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER.     A.  Liver B.  Kidney C.  Small intestine D.  Pancreas E.  Stomach   24. The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of     A.  Phagocytosis B.  Pinocytosis C.  Receptor-mediated endocytosis D.  Receptor-mediated exocytosis E.  Simple diffusion   25. Which is a membrane-bound organelle?     A.  Endoplasmic reticulum B.  Lysosome C.  Golgi apparatus D.  Peroxisome E.  No exceptions; all of these are membrane-bound organelles   26. Removal of old organelles is via a process called     A.  Pinocytosis B.  Autophagy C.  Autolysis D.  Filtration E.  Vascularization   27. Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ______ cells.     A.  Liver B.  Kidney C.  Pancreas D.  Thymus E.  Pituitary   28. The factor that determines the number of mitochondria in a cell is its _______ need.     A.  Water B.  Protein C.  Energy D.  Stimulus E.  Fat   29. The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called     A.  Matrix B.  Vesicles C.  Vacuoles D.  Cristae E.  Cisternae   30. The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are a part of the mitotic spindle are called     A.  Centrioles B.  Nucleoli C.  Microvilli D.  Cilia E.  Vesicles   31. Which are often associated with mucin-secreting goblet cells?     A.  Cilia B.  Flagellum C.  Microvilli D.  Ribosomes E.  Cisternae   32. In humans, the only cell that bears a flagellum is the ________ cell.     A.  Kidney B.  Oocyte C.  Red blood D.  Brain E.  Sperm   33. Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and/or secretion?     A.  Flagella B.  Microvilli C.  Cilia D.  Cilia and flagella E.  Cilia and microvilli   34. Since they produce ribosome subunits, one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize     A.  Energy sources B.  Pigments C.  Solubility enhancing substances D.  Steroid hormones E.  Proteins   35. All resting nucleated human cells contain     A.  Melanin B.  Chromosomes C.  Chromatin D.  Insulin E.  Glycogen   36. Which are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton?     A.  Microtubules B.  Microfilaments C.  Intermediate filaments D.  Centrosomes E.  Centrioles   37. The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called     A.  Nucleoli B.  Nucleotides C.  Bases D.  Nucleic acids E.  Nuclear pores   38. Which is not one of the bases found in DNA nucleotides?     A.  Adenine B.  Cytosine C.  Guanine D.  Thymine E.  Diamine   39. During its mitotic phase a cell is     A.  Undergoing maintenance B.  Dividing C.  Hibernating D.  Changing into a gamete E.  Going from a gamete to a somatic cell   40. The function of the nucleolus is to make     A.  DNA molecules B.  The subunits of ribosomes C.  The secretions that will be packaged by the Golgi apparatus D.  Histones E.  The deoxyribose sugar   41. The life cycle of the cell is called the _____ cycle.     A.  Mitotic B.  Motor C.  Somatic D.  Cell E.  Armstrong   42. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mitosis?     A.  Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase B.  Metaphase - prophase - anaphase - telophase C.  Telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase D.  Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase E.  Prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase   43. The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is     A.  Metaphase B.  Anaphase C.  Telophase D.  Prophase E.  Interphase   44. The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromosomes at each pole of the cell is     A.  Metaphase B.  Anaphase C.  Telophase D.  Prophase E.  S phase   45. Which does not occur during the G2 phase?     A.  Centriole replication is completed B.  Organelle production continues C.  Enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized D.  Each DNA molecule replicates E.  No exceptions; all of these occur during the G2 phase   46. The last part of interphase is called     A.  The first "gap" phase B.  The second "gap" phase C.  Telophase D.  The S phase E.  Anaphase   47. The replication of the DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the     A.  First "gap" phase B.  S phase C.  Second "gap" phase D.  Generation "gap" phase E.  Mall "gap" phase   48. It is during ______ that the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of a dividing cell.     A.  Anaphase B.  Metaphase C.  Prophase D.  Telophase E.  Interphase   49. The interphase period of cell division has ______ distinct phases.     A.  2 B.  3 C.  4 D.  5 E.  6   50. Cytokinesis usually begins before ________ ends.     A.  Prophase B.  Interphase C.  Metaphase D.  Anaphase E.  Telophase   51. Which is not characteristic of a cell undergoing apoptosis?     A.  Chromatin degradation B.  Shrinkage in volume C.  Abnormal development in organelle structure D.  Abnormal development in plasma membrane structure E.  No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of a cell undergoing apoptosis   52. Hyperplasia is defined as     A.  The abnormal development of a tissue B.  The movement or spread of malignant cells C.  An always abnormal growth of cells that invade surrounding tissue D.  A generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ E.  An increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ   53. Metastasis is     A.  The abnormal development of a tissue B.  The movement or spread of malignant cells C.  An obvious loss of cellular or structural differentiation in the orientation of cells to each other D.  A generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ E.  An increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ   54. The root "chroma" means     A.  Body B.  Characteristic C.  Strength D.  Color E.  Condition   55. The term "flagellum" is appropriate for the structure it represents because it means     A.  An eyelid B.  The center C.  A nut or kernel D.  A whip E.  A bench     True / False Questions   56. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses an electron beam to create an image for viewing.     TRUE   57. Some muscle and nerve cells in humans may approach a meter in length.     TRUE   58. Some cells are designed solely to produce new individuals.     TRUE   59. Often, a cell's functions are reflected in either its size or shape.     TRUE   60. Among the many functions of the liver's cells is the storage of carbohydrates as glycogen.     TRUE   61. Fibroblast cells form protein fibers that function to attach structures together.     TRUE     62. Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.     TRUE   63. Mitochondria are responsible for the synthesis of most of the energy rich ATP molecules used by human cells.     TRUE   64. Among the functions of the plasma membrane are to form specialized intercellular connections, provide for selective permeability, and facilitate the recognition and response to molecular signals.     TRUE   65. Materials tend to move less rapidly when their concentrations are significantly different between two compartments.     FALSE   66. If the inside of a cell has a net negative (ionic) charge, a negative ion outside the membrane is more likely to be attracted to the intracellular environment.     FALSE   67. The cellular uptake of large particulate substances and macromolecules is called endocytosis.     TRUE   68. The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.     TRUE   69. Everything packaged by the Golgi apparatus for secretion leaves the cell within a vesicle.     TRUE   70. Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.     FALSE   71. Organelles that are always in direct contact with the cytosol are called nonmembrane-bound organelles.     TRUE   72. Ribosomes that are attached to the RER are called "free ribosomes".     FALSE   73. Generally, the shape of a nucleus mirrors the shape of the cell within which it is found.     TRUE   74. The subunits of ribosomes are exported outside the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where they are assembled into their finished product.     TRUE   75. The condensed, "wound" nature of chromosomes during cell division prevents the DNA from directing the production of additional cellular proteins.     TRUE   76. Cancers are more prevalent in the elderly because the mechanism of cell division becomes faultier with age.     TRUE   77. Metaplasia is the abnormal transformation of a fully differentiated adult tissue into a differentiated tissue of another kind.     TRUE     Fill in the Blank Questions   78. Within the bone marrow are __________ cells that continuously produce new blood cells.     stem   79. Collagen produced by ____________ cells forms ligaments that attach bone to bone.     fibroblast   80. _____________ is the general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.     Cytoplasm   81. _____________ are short, membrane-attached projections containing microtubules that occur in large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces.     Cilia   82. The term used to describe the fluid within a cell is _______________, or intracellular fluid.     cytosol   83. The _____________ proteins are those that are not embedded in the membrane lipid bilayer but are attached loosely to its external and internal surfaces.     peripheral   84. The fuzzy coat made of glycoproteins and glycolipids found on the external surface of the plasma membrane is called the _______________.     glycocalyx   85. A membrane that is able to regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell is described as being _________ _________ (2 words).     selectively permeable   86. In _____________ transport, substances move across a plasma membrane without the expenditure of energy by the cell.     passive   87. _______________ transport is required to move a substance across a membrane against a concentration gradient.     Active   88. The means by which large molecules are brought into the cell is called _______________.     endocytosis   89. A cell mediated process that transports large molecules across the plasma membrane and out of the cell is called ________________.     exocytosis   90. The technical term for "cellular drinking" is _______________.     pinocytosis   91. The first "R" in RER stands for _______________.     rough   92. The digestion of a cell by its own enzymes is called _______________.     autolysis   93. _____________ ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins that remain within the cell.     Free   94. The cytoskeleton has three separate components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and ______________.     microtubules   95. DNA is organized into discrete units called ____________ that provide information for the production of specific proteins.     genes   96. Nuclear ____________ are open passageways that penetrate fused regions of the double membrane of the nuclear envelope.     pores   97. The production of sperm and oocytes is achieved through a cell division process called _____________.     meiosis   98. The two identical cells that arise from mitosis are called ____________ cells.     daughter   99. _____________ is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division.     Cytokinesis   100. The duplicated chromosome that appears during prophase consists of two genetically identical structures called sister ________________.    chromatids  

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