...innate defenses against viral infection. These proteins...
...substances that inhibit viral reproduction. The interferons...
...helping to control viral infection. One type...
...treatment of certain viral infections, such as...
...later. Due to viral infection or conversion...
...surface. Due to viral infection or conversion...
...disposal mechanisms. In viral neutralization, antibodies bind...
...machinery to produce viral proteins, these viral...
...viral proteins, these viral products can appear...
...epitopes on these viral proteins bind the...
...of smallpox, a viral disease. Unfortunately, not...
...the production of viral products targeted by...
...typically no free viral particles. The viral...
...viral particles. The viral genome persists in...
...appear favorable for viral transmission or unfavorable...
...inefficient at presenting viral antigens to circulating...
...this form, the viral genome can direct...
...production of new viral particles. Although the...
...to clear most viral infections, some HIV...
...fast rate during viral replication, preventing recognition...
...The impact of viral drug resistance is...

...help us understand viral disease. The study...
...its genome. The viral genome is usually...
...shell enclosing the viral genome. Capsids are...
...flu viruses. These viral envelopes are derived...
...and glycoproteins of viral origin. Some viruses...
...carry a few viral enzyme molecules within...
...white blood cells. Viral reproductive cycles have...
...general features. A viral infection begins when...
...fusion of the viral envelope with the...
...Once inside, the viral genome commandeers its...
...cell to copy viral nucleic acid and...
...proteins from the viral genome. The host...
...for making the viral components dictated by...
...dictated by the viral genes. Most DNA...
...provided by the viral DNA. RNA viruses...
...then self-assemble into viral particles. Tobacco mosaic...
...simplest type of viral reproductive cycle ends...
...symptoms associated with viral infection. Phages reproduce...
...lytic cycle, the viral genes turn the...
...and releases its viral products. During a...
...E. coli chromosome. Viral proteins break both...
...one of the viral genes codes for...
...basic scheme of viral infection and reproduction...
...capsid and the viral genome inside. In...
...an RNA genome, viral glycoproteins for new...
...host cell. The viral glycoproteins are then...
...the cell. The viral envelope is thus...
...plasma membrane, although viral genes specify some...
...cell nucleus using viral and cellular enzymes...
...and initiate active viral production. The infection...
...is translated into viral protein immediately after...
...mRNA use a viral enzyme that is...
...the synthesis of viral DNA. The newly...
...The newly made viral DNA enters the...
...the synthesis of viral proteins and as...
...original sources of viral genomes include plasmids...
...genetic elements. A viral genome usually has...
...other hosts. Some viral genes are essentially...
...of groups of viral genes that were...
...favored a reduced viral genome after cells...
...The link between viral infection and the...
...In some cases, viral damage is easily...
...associated with a viral infection result from...
...defense mechanism against viral and other infections....
...number of other viral diseases. Medical technology...
...little to cure viral diseases once they...
...and interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis....
...by inhibiting the viral polymerase that synthesizes...
...polymerase that synthesizes viral DNA. Azidothymidine (AZT)...
...enzyme required for viral assembly. New viral...
...viral assembly. New viral diseases are emerging....
...A more recent viral disease is severe...
...of these new viral diseases is due...
...dissemination of a viral disease from a...
...source of new viral diseases. RNA viruses...
...mutations create new viral strains with sufficient...
...epidemics. Second, a viral disease can spread...
...source of new viral diseases is the...
...based on the viral surface proteins: hemagglutinin...
...can increase the viral traffic responsible for...
...2,000 types of viral diseases of plants...
...polyhedral capsids. Plant viral diseases are spread...
...plant inherits a viral infection from a...
...a plant cell, viral particles can spread...
...Proteins encoded by viral genes can alter...
...allow passage of viral proteins or genomes....
...and transmission of viral disease and on...