Section 12 - Cancer Chemotherapy

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology (BIOL3020) Section 12 Cancer Chemotherapy Rang et al 2007 (Chapter 51) Cancer pathogenesis and cancer chemotherapy general principles Cancer cells have four characteristics that distinguish them from normal cells uncontrolled proliferation loss of function because of lack of capacity to differentiate invasiveness the ability to metastasize.  How does Cancer Arise  k  Various proto-oncogenes Overview of cancer progression Cancer Chemotherapy Most currently used anticancer drugs which are cytotoxic are antiproliferative ie they inhibit cell division For many, their antiproliferative action results mainly from an action during S phase of mitosis This results in DNA damage Initiates apoptosis  Drugs used in Cancer Chemotherapy  Drugs used in Cancer Chemotherapy  Alkylating agents X X Antimetabolites  Folate FH4 DHFR dUMP dTMP Meth Antimetabolites w w Folate FH4 DHFR dUMP dTMP Meth TS fdUMP Fluoro Cytarabine Analogue of cytosine Inhibits DNA polymerase  Cytotoxic antibiotics . Plant Derivatives  Hormones ,  Hormone antagonists tamoxifen (Anti-estrogen) Competes with estrogen for estrogen receptors effective in some cases of hormone-dependent breast cancer and may have a role in preventing these cancers flutamide (Anti-androgen) used in prostate tumors  Miscellaneous Agents  Current Chemotherapy  Cancer Research (Future Chemotherapy)  Future Chemotherapy Enhance host immune response cytokine-based therapies gene therapy-based approaches cell-based approaches (e.g. antitumour T cells). Reverse drug resistance inhibitors of multidrug resistance transport.