Questions for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Structures of Life, 5th Edition - Chapter (22)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fifth Edition Karen Timberlake Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates Chapter 22 Clicker Questions 1. Which stage of metabolism involves the digestion of polysaccharides? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 None of these are correct. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 1. Which stage of metabolism involves the digestion of polysaccharides? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 None of these are correct. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates Catabolic reactions build new molecules, while anabolic reactions break down molecules. Catabolic reactions break down molecules, while anabolic reactions build new molecules. They both break down molecules, but anabolic reactions do not require oxygen. They both build new molecules, but anabolic reactions do not require oxygen. 2. What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions? Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates Catabolic reactions build new molecules, while anabolic reactions break down molecules. Catabolic reactions break down molecules, while anabolic reactions build new molecules. They both break down molecules, but anabolic reactions do not require oxygen. They both build new molecules, but anabolic reactions do not require oxygen. 2. What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions? Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 3. The free energy change for the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and ATP is _______. ?11.1 kcal +11.1 kcal ?4.0 kcal +4.0 kcal Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 3. The free energy change for the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and ATP is _______. ?11.1 kcal +11.1 kcal ?4.0 kcal +4.0 kcal Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 4. The coenzyme that picks up hydrogen when a carbon–carbon double bond forms is _______. NAD+ FAD NADH coenzyme A Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 4. The coenzyme that picks up hydrogen when a carbon–carbon double bond forms is _______. NAD+ FAD NADH coenzyme A Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 5. Digestion of carbohydrates begins with saliva in the mouth and the action of the enzyme _______. a) insulin b) ?-amylase c) kinase d) mutase Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 5. Digestion of carbohydrates begins with saliva in the mouth and the action of the enzyme _______. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates a) insulin b) ?-amylase c) kinase d) mutase 6. Which of the following are the reactant and product of glycolysis? Glucose is the reactant; pyruvate is the product. Glucose-6-phosphate is the reactant; 2-phosphoglycerate is the product. Glucose is the reactant; phosphoenolpyruvate is the product. Glucose-6-phosphate is the reactant; pyruvate is the product. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 6. Which of the following are the reactant and product of glycolysis? Glucose is the reactant; pyruvate is the product. Glucose-6-phosphate is the reactant; 2-phosphoglycerate is the product. Glucose is the reactant; phosphoenolpyruvate is the product. Glucose-6-phosphate is the reactant; pyruvate is the product. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates phosphofructokinase phosphoglycerate kinase hexokinase enolase 7. The enzyme that catalyzes the first phosphorylation in glycolysis is _______. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates phosphofructokinase phosphoglycerate kinase hexokinase enolase 7. The enzyme that catalyzes the first phosphorylation in glycolysis is _______. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 8. The only oxidative step in glycolysis occurs with the oxidation of _______. pyruvate PEP glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 8. The only oxidative step in glycolysis occurs with the oxidation of _______. pyruvate PEP glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 9. For every mole of glucose degraded to pyruvate, _______ moles of ATP and _______ mole(s) of NADH are produced. 2, 0 2, 1 2, 2 2, 4 Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 9. For every mole of glucose degraded to pyruvate, _______ moles of ATP and _______ mole(s) of NADH are produced. 2, 0 2, 1 2, 2 2, 4 Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 10. Which steps of the glycolysis pathway are responsive to the levels of ATP or other products present and can cause glycolysis to stop? Only steps 2, 3, and 6 Only steps 1, 3, and 10 All 10 steps of the pathway can respond in this way. None. Glycolysis is a constant process. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 10. Which steps of the glycolysis pathway are responsive to the levels of ATP or other products present and can cause glycolysis to stop? Only steps 2, 3, and 6 Only steps 1, 3, and 10 All 10 steps of the pathway can respond in this way. None. Glycolysis is a constant process. Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 11. What is the end product of aerobic glycolysis? Ethyl alcohol Glycogen Lactate Pyruvate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 11. What is the end product of aerobic glycolysis? Ethyl alcohol Glycogen Lactate Pyruvate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 12. Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate formed from glycolysis is converted to _______. acetyl-CoA ethanol carbon dioxide lactate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 12. Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate formed from glycolysis is converted to _______. acetyl-CoA ethanol carbon dioxide lactate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 13. Under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate formed from glycolysis is converted to _______. acetyl-CoA ethanol carbon dioxide lactate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 13. Under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate formed from glycolysis is converted to _______. acetyl-CoA ethanol carbon dioxide lactate Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 14. In fermentation, pyruvate is converted to _______ and then to ethanol. ethanal lactate acetate fructose Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 14. In fermentation, pyruvate is converted to _______ and then to ethanol. ethanal lactate acetate fructose Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 15. Which compound does glycogen most closely resemble? amylopectin amylose cellulose glucose Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 15. Which compound does glycogen most closely resemble? amylopectin amylose cellulose glucose Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 16. Which hormone triggers a decrease in blood sugar levels? cortisone glucagon insulin epinephrine Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 16. Which hormone triggers a decrease in blood sugar levels? cortisone glucagon insulin epinephrine Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 17. Glucagon has which of the following effects? increases glycogenolysis and decreases glycogenesis decreases glycogenolysis and increases glycogenesis increases glycogenesis only increases glycogenolysis only Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 17. Glucagon has which of the following effects? increases glycogenolysis and decreases glycogenesis decreases glycogenolysis and increases glycogenesis increases glycogenesis only increases glycogenolysis only Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 18. Which of the following does not activate gluconeogenesis? Low glucose levels Glucagon Glucose-6-phosphate Insulin Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 18. Which of the following does not activate gluconeogenesis? Low glucose levels Glucagon Glucose-6-phosphate Insulin Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 19. The biggest difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is the step or steps that re-form _______. pyruvate phosphoenolpyruvate fructose-6-P glucose-6-P Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 19. The biggest difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is the step or steps that re-form _______. pyruvate phosphoenolpyruvate fructose-6-P glucose-6-P Chapter 22 – Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates