Chapter 5 : Essential Clinical Anatomy, Fourth Edition - PowerPoint Quizzes

Clinically Oriented Anatomy 6th edition Chapter 5 Lower Limb PowerPoint Quiz Coxa vara refers to: an abnormal decrease in the angle between the shaft of the femur and the tibia. an abnormal decrease in the angle between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft (angle of inclination). an abnormally short distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the center of the acetabulum. an abnormally short distance between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter. an abnormally short femur. Coxa vara refers to: an abnormal decrease in the angle between the shaft of the femur and the tibia. an abnormal decrease in the angle between the head and neck of the femur and its shaft (angle of inclination). an abnormally short distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the center of the acetabulum. an abnormally short distance between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter. an abnormally short femur. Answer: B The part of the femur that is most susceptible to fracture in conjunction with osteoporosis is: mid-shaft. medial condyle. along the intertrochanteric line. neck. intercondylar area. The part of the femur that is most susceptible to fracture in conjunction with osteoporosis is: mid-shaft. medial condyle. along the intertrochanteric line. neck. intercondylar area. Answer: D In the following radiograph of the hip, the arrow points to the: greater trochanter. lesser trochanter. ischial spine. quadrate tubercle. femoral neck. In the following radiograph of the hip, the arrow points to the: greater trochanter. lesser trochanter. ischial spine. quadrate tubercle. femoral neck. Answer: B You examine a young patient in the emergency room who is complaining of ankle pain following a soccer game. The patient demonstrates to you that an accident resulted in his foot being forced into an excessively inverted position. Based on this scenario, which of the following is the most likely injury? fractured talus fractured calcaneus fractured lateral malleolus tibial dislocation medial malleolar dislocation You examine a young patient in the emergency room who is complaining of ankle pain following a soccer game. The patient demonstrates to you that an accident resulted in his foot being forced into an excessively inverted position. Based on this scenario, which of the following is the most likely injury? fractured talus fractured calcaneus fractured lateral malleolus tibial dislocation medial malleolar dislocation Answer: C The talus articulates with all of the following bones except: cuboid. navicular. calcaneus. tibia. fibula. The talus articulates with all of the following bones except: cuboid. navicular. calcaneus. tibia. fibula. Answer: A The iliotibial tract is the conjoint distal aponeurotic attachment of which of the following pairs of muscles? gluteus medius and minimus gluteus medius and maximus gluteus maximus and the tensor of the fascia lata the tensor of the fascia lata and rectus femoris rectus and biceps femoris The iliotibial tract is the conjoint distal aponeurotic attachment of which of the following pairs of muscles? gluteus medius and minimus gluteus medius and maximus gluteus maximus and the tensor of the fascia lata the tensor of the fascia lata and rectus femoris rectus and biceps femoris Answer: C Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the great saphenous vein? It passes posterior to the medial malleolus. It passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur. It drains into the femoral vein. It has a nearly uniform diameter because blood is shunted to deeper veins. It traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the great saphenous vein? It passes posterior to the medial malleolus. It passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur. It drains into the femoral vein. It has a nearly uniform diameter because blood is shunted to deeper veins. It traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. Answer: A A saphenous cutdown refers to a skin incision associated with: removal of the saphenous vein for use in a coronary bypass procedure. insertion of a cannula into the vein at the ankle for prolonged administration of blood, drugs, etc. repair of a femoral hernia that traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. removal of a piece of saphenous nerve for use as a nerve graft. removal of the saphenous nerve because of severe pain along the medial side of the foot. A saphenous cutdown refers to a skin incision associated with: removal of the saphenous vein for use in a coronary bypass procedure. insertion of a cannula into the vein at the ankle for prolonged administration of blood, drugs, etc. repair of a femoral hernia that traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata. removal of a piece of saphenous nerve for use as a nerve graft. removal of the saphenous nerve because of severe pain along the medial side of the foot. Answer: B You examine a female patient with enlarged superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Upon further examination you cannot find any cutaneous or subcutaneous signs that would suggest an infection. Perplexed, you ask your colleague what else might cause this condition. She reminds you that these nodes also receive some lymph from the: liver via the falciform ligament. ovary via the suspensory ligament of the ovary. uterus via the round ligament of the uterus. bladder via vessels that accompany the urethra. vertebral column via posterior cluneal vessels. You examine a female patient with enlarged superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Upon further examination you cannot find any cutaneous or subcutaneous signs that would suggest an infection. Perplexed, you ask your colleague what else might cause this condition. She reminds you that these nodes also receive some lymph from the: liver via the falciform ligament. ovary via the suspensory ligament of the ovary. uterus via the round ligament of the uterus. bladder via vessels that accompany the urethra. vertebral column via posterior cluneal vessels. Answer: C Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to human locomotion? The stance phase of walking begins with "foot-flat" as the entire plantar surface of the foot contacts the ground. The stance phase of walking is longer than the swing phase. During walking there is a period when both feet are in contact with the ground. The push-off phase of walking is associated with contraction of the plantar flexors. The knee extensors contract during the first part of the stance phase. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to human locomotion? The stance phase of walking begins with "foot-flat" as the entire plantar surface of the foot contacts the ground. The stance phase of walking is longer than the swing phase. During walking there is a period when both feet are in contact with the ground. The push-off phase of walking is associated with contraction of the plantar flexors. The knee extensors contract during the first part of the stance phase. Answer: A While on a neurology rotation, the attending physician asks you to test a patient's femoral nerve function. Which of the following would you do? Have the patient do a sit-up while you hold and resist his thigh. Have the patient rotate his thigh medially while you resist this movement. Have the patient extend his thigh against your resistance. Have the patient extend his knee against your resistance. Have the patient flex his knee against your resistance. While on a neurology rotation, the attending physician asks you to test a patient's femoral nerve function. Which of the following would you do? Have the patient do a sit-up while you hold and resist his thigh. Have the patient rotate his thigh medially while you resist this movement. Have the patient extend his thigh against your resistance. Have the patient extend his knee against your resistance. Have the patient flex his knee against your resistance. Answer: D Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the patella? It increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps femoris for extending the knee. Its apex indicates the level of the knee joint when the leg is extended. Pain felt deep to it may be associated with a condition known as chondromalacia patella. Because of the way it ossifies, the patella always fractures in at least four pieces. Testing of its associated tendon reflex is done with the patient sitting and legs "dangling." Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the patella? It increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps femoris for extending the knee. Its apex indicates the level of the knee joint when the leg is extended. Pain felt deep to it may be associated with a condition known as chondromalacia patella. Because of the way it ossifies, the patella always fractures in at least four pieces. Testing of its associated tendon reflex is done with the patient sitting and legs "dangling." Answer: D Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral triangle? The femoral sheath and its contents enter the triangle by passing posterior to the inguinal ligament. The femoral nerve enters the triangle by passing deep to the inguinal ligament. The iliopectineal arch forms the lateral boundary of the triangle. It contains lymph nodes. It can be viewed on the surface of the skin when the thigh is flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral triangle? The femoral sheath and its contents enter the triangle by passing posterior to the inguinal ligament. The femoral nerve enters the triangle by passing deep to the inguinal ligament. The iliopectineal arch forms the lateral boundary of the triangle. It contains lymph nodes. It can be viewed on the surface of the skin when the thigh is flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated. Answer: C Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral canal? It is the passageway by which the external iliac vessels enter the thigh. its abdominal opening is termed the femoral ring It contains lymph vessels. It is bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament. It usually transmits a femoral hernia. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the femoral canal? It is the passageway by which the external iliac vessels enter the thigh. its abdominal opening is termed the femoral ring It contains lymph vessels. It is bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament. It usually transmits a femoral hernia. Answer: A You examine a patient with swelling in her femoral triangle. She also has varicose veins. Of the following choices, which is the most likely cause of the swelling? aneurysm of the femoral artery saphenous varix femoral nerve neuroma indirect inguinal hernia bursitis You examine a patient with swelling in her femoral triangle. She also has varicose veins. Of the following choices, which is the most likely cause of the swelling? aneurysm of the femoral artery saphenous varix femoral nerve neuroma indirect inguinal hernia bursitis Answer: B The adductor canal is: an opening in the adductor magnus muscle. a mid-thigh intermuscular passageway that conducts the femoral vessels. the space between the adductor longus and brevis that transmits the anterior divisions of the obturator vessels. the passageway used by the obturator internus muscle to exit the pelvis. the passageway used by the obturator externus muscle to reach the greater trochanter. The adductor canal is: an opening in the adductor magnus muscle. a mid-thigh intermuscular passageway that conducts the femoral vessels. the space between the adductor longus and brevis that transmits the anterior divisions of the obturator vessels. the passageway used by the obturator internus muscle to exit the pelvis. the passageway used by the obturator externus muscle to reach the greater trochanter. Answer: B Your friend is diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis. You explain to him that this bursa is between the: iliopsoas tendon and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely across the neck of the femur. obturator externus and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely across the trochanter. gluteus maximus and medius at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing the muscles to move freely across one another. skin and the gluteus maximus at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing comfortable sitting by distributing forces across the trochanter. gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter, allowing the muscle to smoothly slide over the trochanter. Your friend is diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis. You explain to him that this bursa is between the: iliopsoas tendon and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely across the neck of the femur. obturator externus and the lesser trochanter, allowing the muscle to move freely across the trochanter. gluteus maximus and medius at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing the muscles to move freely across one another. skin and the gluteus maximus at the site of the greater trochanter, allowing comfortable sitting by distributing forces across the trochanter. gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter, allowing the muscle to smoothly slide over the trochanter. Answer: E The piriformis muscle: is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve. is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. attaches to the lesser trochanter. may compress the sciatic nerve, a condition called piriformis syndrome. medially rotates the thigh. The piriformis muscle: is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve. is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. attaches to the lesser trochanter. may compress the sciatic nerve, a condition called piriformis syndrome. medially rotates the thigh. Answer: D Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the hamstrings? They all attach to the tibia. They all attach to the ischial tuberosity. They all can produce both hip extension and knee flexion. One of them is partially innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve. One of them is part of the "pes anserinus." Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the hamstrings? They all attach to the tibia. They all attach to the ischial tuberosity. They all can produce both hip extension and knee flexion. One of them is partially innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve. One of them is part of the "pes anserinus." Answer: A Following an argument with his wife in which a man backed through a glass storm door resulting in deep laceration of his buttocks, he is having great difficulty walking. To better understand the nature of his disability, you ask him to stand on one foot. By doing so, you are doing all of the following except: using a Trendelenburg test. evaluating the function of the abductors of the thigh. evaluating the function of the gluteus medius and minimus. evaluating the function of the gluteus maximus. evaluating the function of the superior gluteal nerve. Following an argument with his wife in which a man backed through a glass storm door resulting in deep laceration of his buttocks, he is having great difficulty walking. To better understand the nature of his disability, you ask him to stand on one foot. By doing so, you are doing all of the following except: using a Trendelenburg test. evaluating the function of the abductors of the thigh. evaluating the function of the gluteus medius and minimus. evaluating the function of the gluteus maximus. evaluating the function of the superior gluteal nerve. Answer: D An intramuscular injection into the buttocks is most safely done: into the superolateral quadrant. into the superomedial quadrant. into the inferolateral quadrant. into the inferomedial quadrant. centrally. An intramuscular injection into the buttocks is most safely done: into the superolateral quadrant. into the superomedial quadrant. into the inferolateral quadrant. into the inferomedial quadrant. centrally. Answer: A In the following axial MRI at the level of the hip joint, the red arrow points to the: obturator internus. piriformis. gluteus medius. levator ani. quadratus femoris. In the following axial MRI at the level of the hip joint, the red arrow points to the: obturator internus. piriformis. gluteus medius. levator ani. quadratus femoris. Answer: A In the following axial MRI, the blue arrow points to the: iliopsoas rectus femoris sartorius gracilis iliotibial tract In the following axial MRI, the blue arrow points to the: iliopsoas rectus femoris sartorius gracilis iliotibial tract Answer: C While assisting in a surgery to repair the middle portion of a torn semitendinosus muscle, the surgeon points to an artery supplying that portion of the muscle and asks you to name it. You reply: deep artery of the thigh. superior gluteal artery. perforating artery. obturator artery. femoral artery. While assisting in a surgery to repair the middle portion of a torn semitendinosus muscle, the surgeon points to an artery supplying that portion of the muscle and asks you to name it. You reply: deep artery of the thigh. superior gluteal artery. perforating artery. obturator artery. femoral artery. Answer: C Which of the following is not correct pertaining to the popliteal artery? It begins at the adductor hiatus. It is the continuation of the femoral artery. It can be ruptured by a dislocated knee. It is located superficial to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. It is located deep to the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa. Which of the following is not correct pertaining to the popliteal artery? It begins at the adductor hiatus. It is the continuation of the femoral artery. It can be ruptured by a dislocated knee. It is located superficial to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. It is located deep to the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa. Answer: D In the following lateral view photograph of the area surrounding the knee, the arrow indicates the skin contour raised by the: semitendinosus. vastus lateralis. biceps femoris. lateral head of gastrocnemius. adductor magnus. In the following lateral view photograph of the area surrounding the knee, the arrow indicates the skin contour raised by the: semitendinosus. vastus lateralis. biceps femoris. lateral head of gastrocnemius. adductor magnus. Answer: C You examine a patient with severe bruising on the anterolateral surface of his leg. The patient relates that he was severely kicked "in the shin" while playing soccer a few days ago. Besides the pain, the patient is complaining of weakness in ankle dorsiflexion. Your examination reveals a barely perceptible dorsalis pedis pulse. Which of the following is your most reasonable diagnosis? atrophy of the tibialis anterior lacerated deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery anterior compartment syndrome due to anterior tibial artery hemorrhage anterior compartment syndrome due to lymphatic swelling aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery with concomitant pressure on the nerve You examine a patient with severe bruising on the anterolateral surface of his leg. The patient relates that he was severely kicked "in the shin" while playing soccer a few days ago. Besides the pain, the patient is complaining of weakness in ankle dorsiflexion. Your examination reveals a barely perceptible dorsalis pedis pulse. Which of the following is your most reasonable diagnosis? atrophy of the tibialis anterior lacerated deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery anterior compartment syndrome due to anterior tibial artery hemorrhage anterior compartment syndrome due to lymphatic swelling aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery with concomitant pressure on the nerve Answer: C You examine a mildly obese sedentary patient who is complaining of pain in the distal two-thirds of her tibia after participating in a 10-mile walk for cerebral palsy. When you exert pressure on her tibialis anterior, she winces in pain. Your most likely diagnosis is: venous compression of the muscle due to inadequate venous return. shin splints. lymphedema due to sedentary lifestyle. anterior tibial artery hemorrhage. tibialis anterior atrophy. You examine a mildly obese sedentary patient who is complaining of pain in the distal two-thirds of her tibia after participating in a 10-mile walk for cerebral palsy. When you exert pressure on her tibialis anterior, she winces in pain. Your most likely diagnosis is: venous compression of the muscle due to inadequate venous return. shin splints. lymphedema due to sedentary lifestyle. anterior tibial artery hemorrhage. tibialis anterior atrophy. Answer: B Which of the following is not true of the fibularis longus, brevis, or tertius? innervated by deep fibular nerve resists inversion of the foot plantarflexes ankle attaches to the first metatarsal attaches to the calcaneus Which of the following is not true of the fibularis longus, brevis, or tertius? innervated by deep fibular nerve resists inversion of the foot plantarflexes ankle attaches to the first metatarsal attaches to the calcaneus Answer: E In the following popliteal arteriogram, the arrow points to the: popliteal artery. anterior tibial artery. fibular artery. medial genicular artery. fibular recurrent artery. In the following popliteal arteriogram, the arrow points to the: popliteal artery. anterior tibial artery. fibular artery. medial genicular artery. fibular recurrent artery. Answer: B You see a patient in the emergency room with a fibular neck fracture subsequent to an automobile accident. You are fearful that the patient may have severed his common fibular nerve. To determine this, you ask him to walk. Which of the following walking abnormalities would suggest that the nerve has been severed? excessive flexion of the knee at heel-strike shortened stance phase high-stepping (steppage) gait lack of balance (use of a cane) lack of effective hallux push-off You see a patient in the emergency room with a fibular neck fracture subsequent to an automobile accident. You are fearful that the patient may have severed his common fibular nerve. To determine this, you ask him to walk. Which of the following walking abnormalities would suggest that the nerve has been severed? excessive flexion of the knee at heel-strike shortened stance phase high-stepping (steppage) gait lack of balance (use of a cane) lack of effective hallux push-off Answer: C In the following axial MRI of the leg at mid-level, the arrow points to the: medial gastrocnemius. tibialis anterior. soleus. flexor digitorum longus. fibularis longus. In the following axial MRI of the leg at mid-level, the arrow points to the: medial gastrocnemius. tibialis anterior. soleus. flexor digitorum longus. fibularis longus. Answer: E Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon? It is the common distal attachment of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. It continues into the foot as the long plantar ligament. It is used to test S1and S2 nerve function. It is separated from the superior part of the posterior surface of the calcaneus by a bursa. It spirals while passing inferiorly to its attachment on the calcaneus. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon? It is the common distal attachment of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. It continues into the foot as the long plantar ligament. It is used to test S1and S2 nerve function. It is separated from the superior part of the posterior surface of the calcaneus by a bursa. It spirals while passing inferiorly to its attachment on the calcaneus. Answer: B The tibialis posterior: everts the foot. attaches to the femur. supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. is an important swing phase muscle. is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. The tibialis posterior: everts the foot. attaches to the femur. supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. is an important swing phase muscle. is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Answer: C To palpate the pulse in the posterior tibial artery, you should have the patient: invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneal tendon. invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the lateral malleolus and the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon. invert his foot and place your finger along the medial margin of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the middle of the leg. evert his foot and place your finger between the fibularis longus and brevis. evert his foot and place your finger along the medial margin of the foot. To palpate the pulse in the posterior tibial artery, you should have the patient: invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and the medial border of the calcaneal tendon. invert his foot and place your finger between the posterior surface of the lateral malleolus and the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon. invert his foot and place your finger along the medial margin of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the middle of the leg. evert his foot and place your finger between the fibularis longus and brevis. evert his foot and place your finger along the medial margin of the foot. Answer: A Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the plantar aponeurosis? It is part of the superficial fascia of the sole of the foot. It attaches to the calcaneus. It becomes continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths of the toes. When inflamed and painful it produces a condition called plantar fascitis. It functions as a ligament supporting the longitudinal arches of the foot. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the plantar aponeurosis? It is part of the superficial fascia of the sole of the foot. It attaches to the calcaneus. It becomes continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths of the toes. When inflamed and painful it produces a condition called plantar fascitis. It functions as a ligament supporting the longitudinal arches of the foot. Answer: B Which of the following would conclusively demonstrate functionality of the deep fibular nerve? eversion of the foot inversion of the foot response to pin prick on the anteromedial surface of the middle of the leg response to pin prick on the foot at the level of the malleoli response to pin prick on the foot between the first and second toes Which of the following would conclusively demonstrate functionality of the deep fibular nerve? eversion of the foot inversion of the foot response to pin prick on the anteromedial surface of the middle of the leg response to pin prick on the foot at the level of the malleoli response to pin prick on the foot between the first and second toes Answer: E Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the dorsalis pedis artery? The absence of the dorsalis pedis pulse in an otherwise healthy adult suggests an enlargement of the patient's perforating fibular artery. It enters the foot superficial to the extensor retinaculum. It supplements the arterial supply to the plantar surface of the foot. It gives rise to the arcuate artery. It runs between the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons on the dorsum of the foot. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the dorsalis pedis artery? The absence of the dorsalis pedis pulse in an otherwise healthy adult suggests an enlargement of the patient's perforating fibular artery. It enters the foot superficial to the extensor retinaculum. It supplements the arterial supply to the plantar surface of the foot. It gives rise to the arcuate artery. It runs between the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons on the dorsum of the foot. Answer: B In the following coronal MRI of the ankle joint, the arrow points to the: plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament. medial (deltoid) ligament. long plantar ligament. abductor hallucis longus. flexor hallucis longus. In the following coronal MRI of the ankle joint, the arrow points to the: plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament. medial (deltoid) ligament. long plantar ligament. abductor hallucis longus. flexor hallucis longus. Answer: B Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to venous or lymphatic drainage of the foot? The small saphenous vein begins from the lateral part of the dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein). Deep veins accompany all the arteries of the foot. Most of the blood from the foot drains via the deep veins. Inguinal lymphadenopathy, without popliteal lymphadenopathy, can result from infections along the medial border of the foot. Veins from the plantar surface of the foot drain toward the medial or lateral margins of the foot. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to venous or lymphatic drainage of the foot? The small saphenous vein begins from the lateral part of the dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein). Deep veins accompany all the arteries of the foot. Most of the blood from the foot drains via the deep veins. Inguinal lymphadenopathy, without popliteal lymphadenopathy, can result from infections along the medial border of the foot. Veins from the plantar surface of the foot drain toward the medial or lateral margins of the foot. Answer: C The hip joint: exhibits complete contact between the head of the femur and acetabulum during normal standing. is strongly supported by the ligament of the head of the femur. is supported anteriorly and superiorly by the iliofemoral ligament, which prevents hyperextension. is supported posteriorly by the pubofemoral ligament, which prevents over-abduction. can be rotated more strongly medially than laterally. The hip joint: exhibits complete contact between the head of the femur and acetabulum during normal standing. is strongly supported by the ligament of the head of the femur. is supported anteriorly and superiorly by the iliofemoral ligament, which prevents hyperextension. is supported posteriorly by the pubofemoral ligament, which prevents over-abduction. can be rotated more strongly medially than laterally. Answer: C The most likely reason for avascular necrosis in an 80-year-old woman following hip fracture is that the: fracture included the head of the femur. fracture split the neck of the femur longitudinally. fracture included lacerating the transverse acetabular ligament. retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery were severed by the fracture. deep artery of the thigh was severed by the fracture. The most likely reason for avascular necrosis in an 80-year-old woman following hip fracture is that the: fracture included the head of the femur. fracture split the neck of the femur longitudinally. fracture included lacerating the transverse acetabular ligament. retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery were severed by the fracture. deep artery of the thigh was severed by the fracture. Answer: D You examine a patient after an automobile accident that resulted in a posterior dislocation of the hip joint. Which nerve are you most concerned might have been injured by such an accident? sciatic femoral obturator lumbosacral trunk pelvic splanchnic You examine a patient after an automobile accident that resulted in a posterior dislocation of the hip joint. Which nerve are you most concerned might have been injured by such an accident? sciatic femoral obturator lumbosacral trunk pelvic splanchnic Answer: A Genu valgum and genu varum refer to a knee that: can be hyper-rotated medially and laterally, respectively. can be hyperflexed and extended, respectively. has a large Q-angle (knock-knees) and a small Q-angle (bow-legged), respectively. can be displaced medially (because of a weak tibial collateral ligament) and laterally (because of a weak fibular collateral ligament), respectively. can be displaced posteriorly and anteriorly, respectively. Genu valgum and genu varum refer to a knee that: can be hyper-rotated medially and laterally, respectively. can be hyperflexed and extended, respectively. has a large Q-angle (knock-knees) and a small Q-angle (bow-legged), respectively. can be displaced medially (because of a weak tibial collateral ligament) and laterally (because of a weak fibular collateral ligament), respectively. can be displaced posteriorly and anteriorly, respectively. Answer: C Following a football injury, a patient complains of knee pain. To test the integrity of his anterior cruciate ligament, you would have him: lay supine and press posteriorly on his patella. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and pull anteriorly on his tibia. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and push posteriorly on his tibia. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and laterally rotate his leg. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and medially rotate his leg. Following a football injury, a patient complains of knee pain. To test the integrity of his anterior cruciate ligament, you would have him: lay supine and press posteriorly on his patella. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and pull anteriorly on his tibia. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and push posteriorly on his tibia. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and laterally rotate his leg. sit with his leg flexed at the knee and medially rotate his leg. Answer: B The medial meniscus is injured much more frequently than the lateral meniscus because it is: more mobile. thinner. attached to the tibial collateral ligament. attached to the popliteus. attached to the patella. The medial meniscus is injured much more frequently than the lateral meniscus because it is: more mobile. thinner. attached to the tibial collateral ligament. attached to the popliteus. attached to the patella. Answer: C You examine a patient who is a carpet installer by profession. He complains of pain in his knee and has a swelling anterior to it. Which of the following is your most likely diagnosis? rupture of his patella tendon comminuted fracture of his patella prepatellar bursitis patellofemoral syndrome popliteal cyst You examine a patient who is a carpet installer by profession. He complains of pain in his knee and has a swelling anterior to it. Which of the following is your most likely diagnosis? rupture of his patella tendon comminuted fracture of his patella prepatellar bursitis patellofemoral syndrome popliteal cyst Answer: C Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the knee joint? The knee joint consists of four articulations, two femoral-tibial articulations, one femoral-patellar articulation, and one tibial-fibular articulation. Flexion of the joint from a fully extended position with the foot on the ground requires an initial lateral femoral rotation that is produced by the popliteus. The joint is supplied with blood via branches of the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial recurrent, and circumflex fibular arteries. The joint is innervated via branches of the femoral and sciatic nerves. The posterior cruciate ligament attaches to the intercondylar area of the tibia and the medial femoral condyle. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the knee joint? The knee joint consists of four articulations, two femoral-tibial articulations, one femoral-patellar articulation, and one tibial-fibular articulation. Flexion of the joint from a fully extended position with the foot on the ground requires an initial lateral femoral rotation that is produced by the popliteus. The joint is supplied with blood via branches of the femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial recurrent, and circumflex fibular arteries. The joint is innervated via branches of the femoral and sciatic nerves. The posterior cruciate ligament attaches to the intercondylar area of the tibia and the medial femoral condyle. Answer: A Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the ankle joint (talocrural articulation)? It is a hinge type of synovial joint. It is more stable in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion. A sprained ankle is typically an eversion injury. A Pott fracture is associated with ankle injury. Edema between the medial malleolus and calcaneus may cause compression of the tibial nerve and associated heel pain. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the ankle joint (talocrural articulation)? It is a hinge type of synovial joint. It is more stable in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion. A sprained ankle is typically an eversion injury. A Pott fracture is associated with ankle injury. Edema between the medial malleolus and calcaneus may cause compression of the tibial nerve and associated heel pain. Answer: C In the following photograph of a foot, the arrow points to a skin elevation caused by the tendon of the: extensor hallucis brevis. abductor digiti minimi. tibialis anterior. fibularis brevis. tibialis posterior. In the following photograph of a foot, the arrow points to a skin elevation caused by the tendon of the: extensor hallucis brevis. abductor digiti minimi. tibialis anterior. fibularis brevis. tibialis posterior. Answer: D Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the foot joints and ligaments? The anatomical subtalar joint is between the posterior articular facet of the calcaneus and the talus. The transverse tarsal joint is the anatomical joint between the talus, navicular, and calcaneus. The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) supports the head of the talus. The long plantar ligament attaches to the calcaneus and cuboid. The long plantar ligament supports the longitudinal arches of the foot. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the foot joints and ligaments? The anatomical subtalar joint is between the posterior articular facet of the calcaneus and the talus. The transverse tarsal joint is the anatomical joint between the talus, navicular, and calcaneus. The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) supports the head of the talus. The long plantar ligament attaches to the calcaneus and cuboid. The long plantar ligament supports the longitudinal arches of the foot. Answer: B The arches of the foot: are primarily supported by muscle contraction. assist in propulsion. involve the phalanges. are all aligned longitudinally. all involve the talus. The arches of the foot: are primarily supported by muscle contraction. assist in propulsion. involve the phalanges. are all aligned longitudinally. all involve the talus. Answer: B In the following illustration of the plantar surface of a foot, the area of skin referred to by number 1(light green area) is innervated by the: saphenous nerve. medial plantar nerve. sural nerve. superficial fibular nerve. deep fibular nerve. In the following illustration of the plantar surface of a foot, the area of skin referred to by number 1(light green area) is innervated by the: saphenous nerve. medial plantar nerve. sural nerve. superficial fibular nerve. deep fibular nerve. Answer: A Which of the following associations is incorrect? hallux valgus—lateral deviation of the hallux talipes equinovarus—dorsiflexed ankle and toe claw toe—hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints hammertoe—usually affects second digit clubfoot—a foot that is twisted out of its normal orientation Which of the following associations is incorrect? hallux valgus—lateral deviation of the hallux talipes equinovarus—dorsiflexed ankle and toe claw toe—hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints hammertoe—usually affects second digit clubfoot—a foot that is twisted out of its normal orientation Answer: B In the following radiograph of the foot, the arrow points to the: navicular. cuboid. medial cuneiform. talus. first metatarsal. In the following radiograph of the foot, the arrow points to the: navicular. cuboid. medial cuneiform. talus. first metatarsal. Answer: A Essential Clinical Anatomy 4th edition Chapter 5 Lower Limb PowerPoint Quiz