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Pre-Lab Questions Identify the four major characteristics of chordates. A notochord A dorsal nerve cord A muscular tail Gill slits List ways in which invertebrates compensate for not having a spine Phylum Arthropoda – have a hard, flexible exoskeleton Phylum Mollusca – have soft bodies covered by a hard shell Phylum Echinodermata – have hard flexible bodies that are often spiny Experiment 1: Symmetry in Common Objects Images 3025140240030Draw the lines of symmetry on each of the objects below. 47320202908301303020374650 Post-Lab Questions Identify the type of symmetry displayed for each item. Then, indicate how you came to your conclusion: Petri Dish: bilateral – the petri dish can be divided into two mirror images by a center line that runs through the entire dish Funnel: bilateral - the funnel can be divided into two mirror images by a center line that runs through the entire funnel Test Tube Rack: bilateral – the rack can be divided into two mirror images by a center line that runs through the entire rack Wash Bottle with Curved Straw: no symmetry – at the angle the wash bottle is displayed there is no equal divisions detected due to the straw Graduated Cylinder: no symmetry - at the angle the cylinder is displayed there is due to the beak of the cylinder Tongs: no symmetry – the tongs have no equal divisions detected because of the way they are interloped differently from both sides Experiment 2: Creating a Phylum Key Data Tables Table 2: Phylum Taxonomic Key Prorifera Cnideria Platyhelminthes Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata Chordata H3 D4 E2 A1 C4 A5 A3 B4 C2 F3 B2 H5 B5 F5 D3 G4 G2 F4 G3 B5 E5 G1 E1 A1 A4 B1 C1 D2 F1 H2 G5 D1 H1 C5 E3 B2 H4 A2 B5 D5 A3 B3 A1 B5 B5 E4 Post-Lab Questions Were any of the features used in more than one phyla? If so, give an example of an organism from each phyla that shares the feature. Yes, bilateral symmetry was found in 3 different phyla. Examples of this include: tapeworms (Platyhelminthes), earthworms (Annelida), and sea squirts (Chordata) List three features from Table 1 that describe a Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). Using the features you listed, determine what phyla it is classified in. Bilateral symmetry, exoskeleton, first phylum to fly Phylum: Arthropoda Experiment 3: Taxonomy Organism Images Organism A Organism B Organism C Organism D Organism E Organism F Data Sheet Identify which phylum each of the organisms belongs in. List the criteria used in your determination in the space below. Organism A Phylum: cnidaria Criteria: consists of sea anemones, stationary polyp, surrounded by tentacle with stinging cells Organism B Phylum: porifera Criteria: consists of sponges, stationary, asymmetry Organism C Phylum: Annelida Criteria: bilateral symmetry, body is tube within tube, one-way digestive tract Organism D Phylum: Mollusca Criteria: consists of snails, characterized by soft bodies covered in a hard shell, muscular foot Organism E Phylum: Annelida Criteria: bilateral symmetry, Criteria: includes marine worms, bilateral symmetry, tiny hairs or bristles (setae) Organism F Phylum: Mollusca Criteria: consists of octopi, muscular foot, soft body covered Experiment 4: Owl Pellet Dissection Results Tables Table 3: Owl Pellet Data Pellet Characteristics Observations Pellet Length (cm): 4.5cm Pellet Width (cm): 3cm Physical Observation: Oval shaped with dark brown color, ash-like scent, very chalky consistency, very light in weight Table 4: Owl Pellet Contents Bone Animal Source Number of Bones Skull Rodent, mole, shrew 3 Jaw Rodent x2, shrew 3 Scapula Rodent, shrew, mole 3 Rib Mole x6, rodent x3, bird x4 13 Vertebrae Rodent 1 Hindlimb Rodent x2, shrew 3 Forelimb rodent 1 Pelvic Bone Bird, mole, shrew x2, rodent 5 Post-Lab Questions What did you find in your owl pellet? I found remnants of moles, rodents, shrews, and possibly birds. What have you learned about the ecosystem in which the owl lives? The ecosystem in which owls live in have a large number of small mammals. What can you infer about the nature of the community in which the owl lives? The nature in which the owl lives would have to be somewhere where small mammals mostly reside in so places like forests. How can scientists use owl pellets to study small mammals in a specific ecosystem? Studying owl pellets can show what kinds of animals are within a specific ecosystem and the quantity, because if only a certain species is found it can mean that species is predominant. Other birds of prey produce pellets as well, and the contents are dictated by where the bird lives. What would you expect to find in the pellet from a shorebird, such as a gull? The pellet of shorebird would probably produce a lot of fish bones because it is so close to the ocean, and it is the primary mode of food for said animal. Experiment 5: Invertebrate Dissection Post-Lab Questions What are some common animal traits that a starfish does not possess? Bones Heart Structured stomach – very loose and thin stomach Explain why the starfish is not classified as a vertebrate species. Starfish lack a vertebral column. and vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. Experiment 6: Vertebrate Dissection Result Tables Table 5: Grassfrog Measurement and Analysis Frog Length Small Intestine Length Stomach Contents 17 cm 26cm Post-Lab Questions Classify the specimen you just dissected into correct taxons, starting with kingdom and ending with species. Kingdom – animalia – Eumetazoa – Bilateria – Deuterostomia Phylum – Chordata – Craniata Class – Sarcopterygii – Tetrapoda – Amphibia Order – Anura Family – Hylidae Genus – Pseudacris Species – Pseudacris ocularis Describe the appearance of five organs you found in the frog. Lungs; very small and dark in color Liver: red/brown in color. took up a lot of space and looked large compared to those in humans Small intestine: very coiled, had the same look and consistency of a ramen noodle Stomach: around 5cm, yellow in color, partially firm consistency with liquids inside Spleen: small, dark brown in color, looked like a black bean
