Ch. 6 Music of the 16th Century

Chapter 6 Music in the 16th Century A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-1 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Secular Vocal Music Rondeau replaced by more freely structured chansons New approaches to setting vernacular texts The Parisian chanson in France, the madrigal in Italy A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-2 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Secular Vocal Music The Parisian Chanson 1520s, a new genre of song Lighter and more chordally oriented than earlier chansons Homorhythmic and dominated by vertical sonorities Melodies in upper-most line A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-3 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Secular Vocal Music The Italian Madrigal 1530s, a new genre of vocal music in Italy For three or more voices setting mostly secular texts Contrapuntal writing Through-composed – setting each line of text to new music No fixed form, single stanza with a free rhyme scheme Performed in many settings A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-4 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Secular Song in Germany Most prominent varieties of song were the Lied and Tenorlied Song by members of Meistersinger guilds A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-5 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Secular Vocal Music Secular Vocal Music Secular Song in Spain Principal genre of Spanish song in Renaissance was the villancico A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-6 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Secular Vocal Music Secular Song in England Italian madrigal was transplanted to England Musica Transalpina (“Music from Across the Alps”), published in 1588 Lute songs are essentially strophic madrigals notated for lute and one or more voices A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-7 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music The Reformation ended unity and created demands for a new kind of music The Counter-Reformation produced its own musical responses to the Protestant revolution A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-8 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music Music of the Reformation Martin Luther posts to castle church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 Luther recognized power of music to spread Protestant faith Emphasized worship in vernacular and communal participation in worship Congregational singing of hymns – known in German repertory as chorales A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-9 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music Music of the Reformation Calvinists banned instrumental music and limited sacred music to unaccompanied unison singing of Psalms Ulrich Zwingli and his followers considered music too seductive and irrational to be permitted within liturgy A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-10 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music Music of the Reformation In England, composers began writing motets in English These works known as anthems and took two forms: full and verse A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-11 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music Music of the Counter-Reformation After excommunicating Luther for heresy in 1521, the Roman Catholic Church began to reassess The Council of Trent met in three sessions to formulate doctrines of faith, revise the liturgy, and purge the Roman Catholic Church A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-12 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music Music of the Counter-Reformation The Council eliminated several plainchants The Council declared sacred music was to serve the text and the text should be clear and intelligible to listeners A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-13 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Mannerism Style of painting and sculpture using distortion, exaggeration, and unsettling juxtaposition Style of sacred and secular music using extreme dissonance, unusual harmonic progressions, and exaggerated word painting musica reservata – music “reserved” for a select audience A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-14 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Sacred Vocal Music Orlande de Lassus. This copperplate engraving, made in 1593, shows the composer toward the end of his career as music director to the Duke of Bavaria in Munich. The chain around his neck holds the medallion of the Knight of the Golden Spur, an honor conferred on him by Pope Gregory XIII in 1574. A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-15 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Instrumental Music In 16th-century, for first time composers wrote substantial quantities of instrumental music A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-16 © 2010 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Instrumental Music Intabulations Arrangements of existing vocal work for a plucked string instrument or keyboard Plucked stringed instruments – lute, guitar, vihuela, cittern, pandora A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-17 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Instrumental Music Variations Composers shaped restatements of a theme to delight and move listeners A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-18 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Instrumental Music Freely Composed Works Adhere to no established scheme or vocal model Genres of 16th century include the ricercar, fantasia, toccata, canzona, prelude A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-19 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Instrumental Music Dance Music Built on principle of periodic phrase structure Consists of modular units of equal length Social dance consists of a pattern of repeated steps A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-20 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Lassus’s Prophetiae Sibyllarum. The elaborate initial at the beginning (the C in the first word of the text, “Carmina”) is typical of Renaissance manuscripts. This source, copied around 1558, illustrates the use of accidentals in music of this time. and the round note heads were beginning to replace the old-fashioned lozenge-shaped note heads. A History of Music in Western Culture, 4e 6-21 © 2014 Education, Inc. By Mark Evan Bonds Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458