Organic chemistry, 7e Brown, Chapter 28

CHAPTER 28—NUCLEIC ACIDS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is a purine base? a. uracil b. cytosine c. thymine d. adenine ANS: D 2. Which of the following is a pyrimidine base? a. guanine b. adenine c. thymine d. triethylamine ANS: C 3. Which of the following is 2-deoxy-D-ribose? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B 4. Which of the following is D-ribose? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: A 5. Which of the following is uridine? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B 6. Which of the following is deoxyadenosine? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B 7. Which of the following is a complimentary pair of hydrogen-bonded bases found in DNA? a. A - C b. A - G c. A - T d. A - U ANS: C 8. Which of the following is a complimentary pair of hydrogen-bonded bases found in RNA? a. A - C b. A - G c. A - T d. A - U ANS: D 9. Which of the following is a definition of transfer RNA (tRNA)? a. RNA found in the ribosome, the site in cells where synthesis of proteins takes place b. RNA which carries a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis c. RNA which has coded genetic information d. RNA which allows transfer of a protein out of a cell ANS: B 10. Which of the following is a definition of messenger RNA (mRNA)? a. RNA found in the ribosome, the site in cells where synthesis of proteins takes place b. RNA which carries a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis c. RNA which has coded genetic information d. RNA which signals cell death ANS: C 11. Which of the following is a definition of a codon? a. a complimentary pair of hydrogen bonded bases in RNA b. a sequence of three bases on RNA that directs incorporation of a specific amino acid into a protein c. a complex between DNA and RNA d. RNA found in the ribosome, the site in cells where synthesis of proteins takes place ANS: B 12. Where is the amino acid linked to the ribose unit of transfer RNA in the process of transferring the amino acid to ribosomes? a. the base b. C2'-OH c. 3'-OH d. 5'-OH ANS: C 13. What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? 5'-ATCTAGTCA-3' a. 5'-TAGATCAGT-3' b. 5'-TGACTAGAT-3' c. 5'-ATCTAGTCA-3 d. 5'-ACTGATCTA-3' ANS: B 14. What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? 5'-GTACGACT-3' a. 5'-GTACGACT-3' b. 5'-TCAGCATG-3' c. 5'-AGTCGTAC-3" d. 5'-CATGCTGA-3' ANS: C 15. What is the function of an endonuclease? a. cleavage of a specific base from DNA b. cleavage of a specific phosphodiester bond in DNA c. promotion of folding of DNA into a double helix d. carrying a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis ANS: B 16. How many bases are present in each strand of a complete turn of B-DNA? a. 3 b. 7 c. 10 d. 15 ANS: C 17. What is the approximate distance between stacked bases in a double helix of DNA? a. 340 pm b. 800 pm c. 2000 pm d. 3400 pm ANS: A 18. What is the approximate diameter of double helix of DNA? a. 340 pm b. 800 pm c. 2000 pm d. 3400 pm ANS: A 19. What is the approximate length of a complete turn of a double helix of DNA? a. 340 pm b. 800 pm c. 2000 pm d. 3400 pm ANS: D 20. What tetrapeptide is coded by the following sequence of mRNA? 5'-AUG-GUA-AUG-UUG-3' a. Met-Val-Met-Leu b. Ala-Val- Leu-Met c. Met-Val-Ala-Leu d. Ala-Ala-Met-Leu ANS: A TRUE/FALSE 1. The following structures is a pyrimidine. ANS: F 2. A correct abbreviation for the following nucleotide is ADP. ANS: F 3. The structure below represents a nucleoside. ANS: T 4. Relative to the secondary structure of DNA, the purine and pyrimidine bases lie inside the helix, in planes perpendicular to the helical axis; the deoxyribose and phosphate groups form the outside of the helix. ANS: T 5. Relative to the secondary structure of DNA, there is no restriction on the sequence of bases along a polynucleotide chain. The exact sequence carries the genetic information. ANS: T 6. Relative to the secondary structure of DNA, the helices are left handed and the two strands run in same directions relative to their 3'and 5' ends. ANS: F 7. The structural arrangement of DNA is ANS: T 8. The structure of the sugar in RNA is shown below. ANS: F 9. The G-C base pair is the weaker than the A-T base pair as it has two hydrogen bonds whereas the A-T base pair has three. ANS: F 10. If ranked for largest to smallest, the correct order of DNA, mRNA, and tRNA would be DNA > mRNA > tRNA. ANS: T COMPLETION 1. The name of the base in the following nucleotide is __________________. ANS: thymine 2. The name of the following nucleotide is_____________________________. ANS: 2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2’-deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine 2'-monophosphate 2’-deoxyadenosine 2’-monophosphate 3. A three base sequence called a “codon” codes for one _______________. ANS: amino acid MATCH each of the following terms to a structure from the list below. There is only one correct answer for each question and structures may be used more than once. Place the letter of the structure in the blank to the left of the corresponding term. A. Sanger dideoxy method B. GAUCGUAAA C. Watson-Crick D. translation E. F. G. transcription H. Maxam-Gilbert method I. AUGGCUGAG J. replication K. L. M. AGATCGCTC 4. _____ is a pyrimidine nucleoside. ANS: E 5. _____ is a RNA base sequence with guanine at the 3' end. ANS: I 6. _____ is a DNA base sequence with cytosine at the 3' end. ANS: M 7. _____ is uridine. ANS: E 8. _____ is the DNA sequencing method for the human genome. ANS: A 9. _____ is the RNA base sequence complementary to the DNA base sequence shown below which codes for Leu-Ala-Phe. CTAGCATTT ANS: B 10. _____ is process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis. ANS: D 11. _____ is a pyrimidine nucleoside. ANS: E 12. A double-stranded DNA molecule that contains 22%, on a mole basis, T must also contain ___% G. ANS: 78 PROBLEM 1. Provide the structure of 2-deoxyribose. ANS: 2. Number each position in the ribose below according to the normal convention. ANS: 3. Provide the structure of guanine, a heterocyclic base found in DNA. ANS: 4. Provide the structure of adenosine, a nucleoside. ANS: 5. Provide the structure of cytidine 5’-monophosphate, a nucleotide consisting of a cytosine base, a ribose and a phosphate group. ANS: 6. Provide the structure of adenosine triphosphate, ATP. ANS: 7. What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? 5'-AGTCAATTC-3' ANS: 5'-GAATTGAC-3' 8. What sequence is fully complementary to the following sequence? 5'-TAGCGATC-3' ANS: 5'-GATCGCTA-3" 9. Provide the structure of a T-A base pair, showing hydrogen bonds as dotted lines. ANS: 10. Provide the structure of a G-C base pair, showing hydrogen bonds as dotted lines. ANS: BIAF 7e Test Bank 11