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Biology 20 Unit 1 Lesson 5 Assignment Total /48 Before completing this assignment please read Chapter 7 (pages 242 to 263) of your textbook. Also read the information on the Moodle website for Unit 1 Lesson 5. 1. Which gas is needed for the aerobic respiration of food in the body? A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen C. Carbon dioxide D. Carbon monoxide 2. The substance found in the highest concentration in the plasma of the pulmonary artery is A. hydrogen ions B. bicarbonate ions C. oxyhemoglobin D. carboxyhemoglobin 3. Of the following, the one that is an example of a buffer system in the blood is A. albumin and globulin B. oxygen and carbon dioxide C. hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin D. sodium bicarbonate and carbonic acid Use the following list to answer the question. Major Structures of Upper Respiratory System 1. Larynx 2. Bronchioles 3. Pharynx 4. Bronchi 5. Trachea 6. Nasal cavity 4. Through what sequence of structures does air flow in order to reach the alveoli in the lungs? A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 B. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 C. 3, 6, 5, 4, 1, 2 D. 6, 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 5. In which part of the respiratory system is the epiglottis found? A. Larynx B. Pharynx C. Bronchioles D. Nasal cavity 6. In what location in the respiratory tract is air warmed, cleaned, and moistened? A. Trachea B. Pharynx C. Bronchioles D. Nasal cavity 7. What is the name of the process by which gases in the lung alveoli are exchanged with gases in the capillaries? A. Osmosis B. Filtration C. Diffusion D. Active transport 8. After being in a poorly ventilated room for an hour with many other students, a student noticed that his rate of breathing had increased. The most probable reason for this increase is that the A. room air had become hot B. carbon monoxide levels in the room air increased C. carbon dioxide levels in the room had increased and oxygen levels decreased D. moisture from the breathing of the persons in the room made breathing difficult Use the diagram to answer the next 6 questions. 9. The structure responsible for conducting air only to the left lung is shown in the diagram as A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8 10. The structure that usually prevents food from entering the trachea is labelled A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 11. Inhalation and exhalation are produced by pressure changes within the structure labelled A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9 12. The bronchioles are represented by the structure labelled A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 13. The structure that is responsible for creating low pressure in the thoracic cavity is labelled A. 5 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10 14. The structure that passes a dust-trapping mucous layer upward to be swallowed is labelled A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 15. Three requirements essential for optimum gas exchange between the atmosphere and a respiratory surface are A. dry, thin membrane with small surface area B. dry, thick membrane with large surface area C. moist, thin membrane with large surface area D. moist, thick membrane with small surface area 16. During quiet shallow breathing in a healthy adult the volume of tidal air being breathed in and out is A. 0.5 L B. 1.0 L C. 2.5 L D. 5.0 L Use the list to answer the question. Mechanisms of Breathing 1. Intercostal muscles contract 2. Intercostal muscles relax 3. Diaphragm relaxes 4. Diaphragm contracts 5. Abdominal muscles relax 6. Abdominal muscles contract 7. Thoracic volume decreases 8. Thoracic volume increases 17. Which four mechanisms from the list are involved in expiration of lung air during vigorous exercise? A. 1, 4, 6, 7 B. 1, 3, 5, 8 C. 2, 3, 6, 7 D. 2, 4, 5, 8 18. Which statement correctly describes the control of the breathing rate? A. The brain controls the breathing rate by monitoring the blood oxygen concentration. B. The heart controls the breathing rate by monitoring the blood oxygen concentration. The brain controls the breathing rate by monitoring the blood carbon dioxide concentration. The heart controls the breathing rate by monitoring the blood carbon dioxide concentration. /18 Written Response Use the following list of structures to answer the question. Respiratory Structures 1. Nostrils 2. Nasal cavities 3. Larynx 4. Trachea 5. Bronchi 6. Bronchioles 7. Alveoli 8. Pleural membranes 9. Thoracic cavity 10. Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles Select five structures from the list above and for each describe its function and one structural adaptation that facilitates its function. /10 marks Use the diagram to answer the questions. Hint- LOOK CAREFULLY AT ARROWS!! 2. Complete the following. a. What is the condition of the blood with respect to concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide at vessel 1 as shown in the diagram? /2 b. What is the condition of the blood with respect to concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide at vessel 2 as shown in the diagram? /2 c. Describe the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide at position 3 as shown in the diagram. /2 Use the diagrams to answer the questions. 3. Complete the following. a. Identify the diagram that represents exhalation and give two pieces of evidence in the diagram that supports your choice. /2 b. Identify the diagram that represents inhalation and give two pieces of evidence in the diagram which supports your choice. /2 c. Describe the pressure changes that occur in the processes represented in Diagram 1 and explain why these occur. /2 d. Describe the pressure changes that during the process represented in Diagram 2 and explain why these occur. /2 4. Cigarette smoke has been found to have the following effects on the respiratory system. 1. There is destruction of many of the cilia that line parts of the respiratory tract. 2. There is a thickening of the walls of the bronchioles, thus reducing the interior diameter of the tubes. 3. There is a rupturing of the walls of some of the alveoli. Refer to each of the effects listed above and indicate how the normal functioning of the respiratory tract is altered by smoking tobacco. /6 (2 marks)
