Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry

Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Chemistry and Measurement 1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Water, H2O, is an example of a(n) ________. A) chemical B) solid C) wave D) electric charge E) element Answer: A 2) In this list, which substance can be classified as a chemical? A) salt B) sleep C) cold D) heat E) temperature Answer: A 3) One example of a chemical used in toothpaste is ________. A) chlorine B) sulfur C) carbon dioxide D) calcium carbonate E) sugar Answer: D 4) Which of the following is not a chemical? A) salt B) water C) light D) carbon dioxide E) sugar Answer: C 5) Sodium fluorophosphate is a chemical used in toothpaste to ________. A) make the paste white B) disinfect the toothbrush C) keep the paste from spoiling D) remove plaque E) strengthen tooth enamel Answer: E 6) Chlorofluorocarbons are broken down in the atmosphere by ________. A) nitrogen dioxide B) ozone C) iron D) AIDS E) ultraviolet light Answer: E 7) When a part of the body is injured, substances called ________ are released. A) aspirins B) pain relievers C) nitrogen oxides D) chlorofluorocarbons E) prostaglandins Answer: E 8) The production of smog from NO gas requires ________. A) nitrogen B) chlorine C) water D) oxygen E) CFCs Answer: D 9) Chlorofluorocarbons are destructive to the ________. A) ozone produced at ground level in traffic B) water in the upper atmosphere C) nitrogen dioxide in smog D) ozone layer in the upper atmosphere E) copper in telephone wiring Answer: D 10) Titanium dioxide is a chemical used in toothpaste to ________. A) make the paste white B) disinfect the toothbrush C) keep the paste from spoiling D) remove plaque E) strengthen tooth enamel Answer: A 11) One way to enhance your learning in chemistry is to ________. A) study a little every day B) form a study group C) go to office hours D) be an active learner E) all the above Answer: E Page Ref: 1.2 12) In order to enhance your learning in chemistry, you should not ________. A) study a little every day B) form a study group C) go to office hours D) be an active learner E) wait until the night before the exam to study Answer: E Page Ref: 1.2 13) Which of the following is a chemical? A) sugar B) heat C) light D) noise E) a wave Answer: A 14) 5.21 cm is the same distance as A) 0.0521 m. B) 52.1 dm. C) 5.21 mm. D) 0.00521 km. E) 5210 m. Answer: A Page Ref: 1.9 15) How many centimeters are there in 57.0 in.? A) 22 cm B) 0.0445 cm C) 145 cm D) 22.4 cm E) 140 cm Answer: C Page Ref: 1.9 16) The amount of space occupied by a substance is its A) mass. B) density. C) weight. D) length. E) volume. Answer: E 17) Which of the following is the basic unit of volume in the metric system? A) liter B) kilogram C) meter D) centimeter E) gram Answer: A 18) Which of the following is a measurement of mass in the metric system? A) milliliter B) centimeter C) kilogram D) Celsius E) meter Answer: C 19) A value of 25 °C is a measurement of A) distance. B) volume. C) temperature. D) mass. E) density. Answer: C 20) A value of 36 mL is a measure of A) density B) mass C) temperature D) volume E) distance Answer: D 21) A value of 345 mm is a measure of A) density B) mass C) temperature D) volume E) distance Answer: E 22) The measurement 0.000 004 3 m, expressed correctly using scientific notation, is A) 4.3 x 10-7 m. B) 4.3 x 10-6 m. C) 4.3 x 106 m. D) 0.43 x 10-5 m. E) 4.3 m. Answer: B Page Ref: 1.4 23) Which of the following conversion factors is a measured number? A) 10 cm/dm B) 12 in/ft C) 16 oz/lb D) 25 miles/gallon E) 12 eggs/dozen Answer: D 24) The measurement of the gravitational pull on an object is its A) volume. B) weight. C) mass. D) length. E) size. Answer: B 25) Which of the following measurements has three significant figures? A) 0.005 m B) 510 m C) 0.510 m D) 0.051 m E) 5100 m Answer: C 26) 1.00 pint of milk has a volume of how many milliliters? (2 pints = 1 quart) A) 472 mL B) 530. mL C) 1000 mL D) 1890 mL E) 106 mL Answer: A Page Ref: 1.9 27) Which of the following numbers contains the designated correct number of significant figures? A) 0.04300 5 significant figures B) 0.00302 2 significant figures C) 156 000 3 significant figures D) 1.04 2 significant figures E) 3.0650 4 significant figures Answer: C 28) The number of significant figures in the measurement of 45.030 mm is A) none. B) three. C) four. D) five. E) six. Answer: D 29) How many significant figures are in the number 0.00208? A) six B) two C) three D) four E) five Answer: C 30) Which of the following examples illustrates a number that is correctly rounded to three significant figures? A) 4.05438 grams to 4.054 grams B) 0.03954 grams to 0.040 grams C) 103.692 grams to 103.7 grams D) 109 526 grams to 109 500 grams E) 20.0332 grams to 20.0 grams Answer: E 31) A calculator answer of 423.6059 must be rounded off to three significant figures. What answer is reported? A) 423 B) 424 C) 1.7420 D) 423.6 E) 423.7 Answer: B 32) Which of the answers for the following conversions contains the correct number of significant figures? A) 2.543 m x = 100.1942 in B) 2 L x = 2.12 qt C) 24.95 min x = 0.4158 hr D) 12.0 ft x x = 370 cm E) 24.0 kg x = 11 lb Answer: C 33) What is the correct answer for the calculation of a volume (in mL) with measured numbers ? A) 0.22 mL B) 0.223 mL C) 57 mL D) 14 mL E) 14.3 mL Answer: A 34) When 2610 + 11.7 + 0.22 are added, the answer to the correct number of decimal places is ________. A) 2621.92 B) 2621.9 C) 2621 D) 2620 E) 2600 Answer: D 35) What is the answer, with the correct number of decimal places, for this problem? 4.392 g + 102.40 g + 2.51 g = A) 109.302 g B) 109 g C) 109.3 g D) 109.30 g E) 110 g Answer: D 36) The correct answer for the addition of 7.5 g + 2.26 g + 1.311 g + 2 g is A) 13.071 g. B) 13 g. C) 13.0 g. D) 10 g. E) 13.1 g. Answer: B 37) Which of the following measurements are not equivalent? A) 25 mg = 0.025 g B) 183 L = 0.183 kL C) 150 ms = 0.150 s D) 84 cm = 8.4 mm E) 24 dL = 2.4 L Answer: D 38) In which of the following is the metric unit paired with its correct abbreviation? A) microgram / mg B) milliliter / mL C) centimeter / km D) kilogram / cg E) gram / gm Answer: B 39) Which of the following is the largest unit? A) millimeter B) micrometer C) meter D) decimeter E) kilometer Answer: E 40) What is the metric relationship between grams and micrograms? A) 1 g = 100 ?g B) 1 g = 1 000 000 ?g C) 1 g = 0.000 001 ?g D) 1 g = 1000 ?g E) 1 g = 0.001 ?g Answer: B 41) What is the conversion factor for the relationship between millimeters and centimeters? A) 1 mm/1 cm B) 10 mm/1 cm C) 1 cm/1 mm D) 100 mm/1 cm E) 10 cm/1 mm Answer: B Page Ref: 1.8 42) Which of the following is the smallest unit? A) gram B) milligram C) kilogram D) decigram E) microgram Answer: E 43) The cubic centimeter (cm3 or cc) has the same volume as a A) cubic inch. B) cubic liter. C) milliliter. D) centimeter. E) cubic decimeter. Answer: C 44) 9.31 g is the same mass as A) 931 ?g. B) 931 kg. C) 93.1 cg. D) 9310 mg. E) 0.0931 dg. Answer: D 45) According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the recommended daily requirement of protein is 44 g. This is ________ of protein. A) 1248.5 oz B) 320 000 oz C) 1.6 oz D) 0.0605 oz E) 150 000 oz Answer: C Page Ref: 1.8 46) Which of the following setups would convert centimeters to feet? A) cm x x B) cm x x C) cm x x D) cm x x E) cm x x Answer: C Page Ref: 1.9 47) A conversion factor set up correctly to convert 15 inches to centimeters is A) 100 cm/1 m. B) 1 inch/2.54 cm. C) 1 cm/10 mm. D) 2.54 cm/1 inch. E) 10 cm/1 inch. Answer: D Page Ref: 1.8 48) How many pounds are in 3.5 kg? A) 7.7 lb B) 1.59 lb C) 0.629 lb D) 1.6 lb E) 7.70 lb Answer: A Page Ref: 1.9 49) How many liters of soft drink are there in 5.25 qt? A) 4950 L B) 55.7 L C) 4.95 L D) 5.57 L E) 5.0 L Answer: C Page Ref: 1.9 50) What is 6.5 m converted to inches? A) 1700 in B) 1651 in C) 39 in D) 260 in E) 255.9 in Answer: D Page Ref: 1.9 51) How many kilograms are in 30.4 lb? A) 13.8 kg B) 14 kg C) 67 kg D) 66.88 kg E) 66.9 kg Answer: A Page Ref: 1.9 52) A nugget of gold with a mass of 521 g is added to 50.0 mL of water. The water level rises to a volume of 77.0 mL. What is the density of the gold? A) 10.4 g/mL B) 6.77 g/mL C) 1.00 g/mL D) 0.0518 g/mL E) 19.3 g/mL Answer: E 0 53) A dose of aspirin of 5.0 mg per kilogram of body weight has been prescribed to reduce the fever of an infant weighing 8.5 pounds. The number of milligrams of aspirin that should be administered is A) 19 mg. B) 53 mg. C) 1.6 mg. D) 5.0 mg. E) 0.59 mg. Answer: A Page Ref: 1.9 54) A doctor's order is 0.125 g of ampicillin. The liquid suspension on hand contains 250 mg/5.0 mL. How many milliliters of the suspension are required? A) 0.0025 mL B) 3.0 mL C) 2.5 mL D) 6.3 mL E) 0.0063 mL Answer: C Page Ref: 1.9 55) Which one of the following substances will float in gasoline, which has a density of 0.66 g/mL? The density of each substance is shown in parentheses. A) table salt (D = 2.16 g/mL) B) balsa wood (D = 0.16 g/mL) C) sugar (D = 1.59 g/mL) D) aluminum (D = 2.70 g/mL) E) mercury (D = 13.6 g/mL) Answer: B 0 56) What is the mass of 2.00 L of an intravenous glucose solution with a density of 1.15 g/mL? A) 0.0230 kg B) 2.30 kg C) 1.15 kg D) 0.0150 kg E) 0.575 kg Answer: B 0 57) Mercury has a specific gravity of 13.6. How many milliliters of mercury have a mass of 0.35 kg? A) 0.0257 mL B) 0.026 mL C) 25.7 mL D) 26 mL E) 4760 mL Answer: D 0 58) What is the density of a substance with a mass of 45.00 g and a volume of 26.4 mL? A) 1.70 g/mL B) 1.7 g/mL C) 0.59 g/mL D) 0.587 g/mL E) 45.0 g/mL Answer: A 0 59) What is the mass of 53 mL of ethanol, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL? A) 67.1 g B) 41.9 g C) 42 g D) 67 g E) 53 g Answer: C 0 60) A liquid has a volume of 34.6 mL and a mass of 46.0 g. What is the density of the liquid? A) 1.00 g/mL B) 1.33 g/mL C) 0.752 g/mL D) 1330 g/mL E) 0.663 g/mL Answer: B 0 61) The density of a solution is 1.18 g/mL. Its specific gravity is A) 11.8. B) 0.118. C) 0.847. D) 1.18. E) 1.2. Answer: D 0 62) Diamond has a density of 3.52 g/mL. What is the volume in cubic centimeters of a diamond with a mass of 15.1 g? A) 4.3 cm3 B) 4.29 cm3 C) 0.233 cm3 D) 53 cm3 E) 53.2 cm3 Answer: B 0 63) The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume is its A) specific gravity. B) density. C) buoyancy. D) weight. E) conversion factor. Answer: B 0 64) The EPA limit for lead in the soil of play areas is 400 ppm. This is the same as A) 400 mg lead in each gram of soil. B) 400 g lead in each kilogram of soil. C) 400 mg lead in each kilogram of soil. D) 400 µg lead in each kilogram of soil. E) 400 µg lead in each milligram of soil. Answer: C Page Ref: 1.8 65) A 50.0 mL urine sample has a mass of 50.7 g. The specific gravity of the urine is A) 1.014 g/mL. B) 0.986 g/L. C) 1.01. D) 0.986. E) 50.7. Answer: C 0 1.2 True/False Questions 1) The reddish-brown color of smog is due to NO2. Answer: TRUE 2) Chloroflourocarbons are broken down in the upper atmosphere to produce oxygen, O2. Answer: FALSE 3) Titanium dioxide in toothpaste is used as a detergent. Answer: FALSE 4) Alchemists believed there were four components of nature: earth, fire, air, and water. Answer: TRUE 5) Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain carbon. Answer: TRUE 6) Working with a group of students can help you learn chemistry. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 1.2 7) It is a good idea to wait until the night before an exam to start to study. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 1.2 8) Paracelsus was a Greek philosopher. Answer: FALSE 9) The number 0.0500 has four significant figures. Answer: FALSE 10) The number 650 000 has two significant figures. Answer: TRUE 11) When the measured number 0.0090 is multiplied by the measured number 87.10, the answer has two significant figures. Answer: TRUE 12) A ?g is larger than a mg. Answer: FALSE 13) There are 1000 ?g in a mg. Answer: TRUE 14) A cubic centimeter is a unit of length. Answer: FALSE 1.3 Short Answer Questions 1) A substance that consists of one type of matter and always has the same composition and properties is called a ________. Answer: chemical 2) The brown color of smog is caused by ________. Answer: nitrogen dioxide 3) Any material used in or produced by a chemical reaction is a ________. Answer: chemical 4) An abrasive used in toothpaste is ________. Answer: calcium carbonate 5) The study of substances that contain the element carbon is called ________. Answer: organic chemistry 6) The substance the alchemists thought could turn metals into gold was called ________. Answer: the philosopher's stone 7) The substances released when tissues are injured are ________. Answer: prostaglandins 8) Substances which prevent spoilage are called ________. Answer: antioxidants 9) The chemical used to make cans and foil is ________. Answer: aluminum Round off each of the following to three significant figures. 10) 504.85 Answer: 505 11) 8.3158 Answer: 8.32 12) 25 225 Answer: 25 200 13) 6.3477 x 104 Answer: 6.35 x 104 14) 399870 Answer: 4.00 x 105 15) 58.5422 Answer: 58.5 16) 0.003 4088 Answer: 0.00341 Express each of the following numbers using scientific notation. 17) 351 000 000 000 Answer: 3.51 x 1011 Page Ref: 1.4 18) 0.000 860 Answer: 8.60 x 10-4 Page Ref: 1.4 19) 5 207 000 Answer: 5.207 x 106 Page Ref: 1.4 20) 0.000 000 050 Answer: 5.0 x 10-84 Page Ref: 1.4 State the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements. 21) 0.705 m Answer: 3 22) 680 000 km Answer: 2 23) 0.008090 cm Answer: 4 24) 28.050 km Answer: 5 25) 0.0005 L Answer: 1 26) 75.00 m Answer: 4 27) 2.043 x 104 mm Answer: 4 28) 6.1 x 10-5 mL Answer: 2 29) 9.00 x 106 g Answer: 3 1.4 Matching Questions Are the numbers in each of the following statements measured or exact? A) exact B) measured 1) In the U.S. system there are 12 inches in one foot. 2) The patient's blood sugar level is 350 mg/dL. 3) There are 452 pages in a book. 4) The rabbit weighs 2.5 pounds. 5) 1 liter is equal to 1.06 quarts. 6) There are 100 capsules in the bottle. 7) The patient's temperature is 100.1 °F. 8) I lost 14 pounds on my diet last month. Answers: 1) A 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) B 6) A 7)B 8) B Match the type of measurement to the unit given below. A) temperature B) mass C) distance D) volume E) density 9) milliliter 10) mm 11) gram 12) 125 K 13) kilometer 14) milligram Answers: 9) D 10) C 11) B 12) A 13) C 14) B Select the correct prefix to complete the equality. A) 10 B) 0.001 C) 1000 D) 100 E) 1 15) 1 mL = _____ L 16) 1 m = _____ mm 17) 1 cm = _____ mm 18) 1 dL = _____ mL 19) 1 mL = _____ cc 20) 1 kg = _____ g Answers: 15) B 16) C 17) A 18) D 19) E 20) C