Ch07 Printmaking

Chapter 7: Printmaking Multiple Choice Questions Woodcut A. relief* B. intaglio C. planographic Engraving A. relief B. intaglio* C. planographic Wood engraving A. relief* B. intaglio C. planographic Lithography A. relief B. intaglio C. planographic* Mezzotint A. relief B. intaglio* C. planographic Drypoint A. relief B. intaglio* C. planographic The oldest form of printmaking A. woodcut* B. engraving C. etching Uses acid to make the lines A. woodcut B. engraving C. etching* The image is raised from the surface of the matrix A. woodcut* B. engraving C. etching The burin is the favored tool for working A. woodcut B. engraving* C. etching The printmaking process begins with a design or image made in or on a surface by hitting or pressing with a ____________. A. special ink B. roller C. tool* Printmaking processes are divided into four major categories: relief, intaglio, lithography, and ____________. A. engraving B. serigraphy* C. drypoint Prints are generally less ____________ than unique works by the same artist. A. expensive* B. interesting C. difficult The working surface, or ____________, of prints varies according to the printmaking technique. A. matrix* B. flat C. place The images in printmaking are usually rendered in ____________. A. paint B. gesso C. ink* Normally, the matrix is pressed against a sheet of paper, and the image is ____________. A. ready for final production B. transferred* C. blurred After the invention of the ____________, woodcut assumed an important role in book illustration. A. printing press* B. quill C. copper plate Intaglio prints are derived from designs or images that lie ____________ the surface of the matrix. A. above B. on C. below* Engraving, drypoint, and etching are essentially ____________ media. A. tonal B. linear* C. painting The subtle tonal gradations achieved by the mezzotint process can be duplicated with a much easier and quicker etching technique called ____________. A. wood engraving B. engraving C. aquatint* Completion/Fill-in-the-Blank Questions The working surface of any printmaking process is called the ____________. {{matrix}} The value of drawings and paintings (in contrast to prints) lies, in part, in their ____________. {{uniqueness}} Nolde created The Prophet using a broadly grained, splintering block of ____________. {{wood}} The razor-sharp tips of engraving implements and the ____________ of the end-grain blocks make possible the exacting precision found in Landacre's Growing Corn. {{hardness}} In contrast to the softer matrix used for the woodcut, the matrix for the wood engraving makes it relatively easy to work lines in varying ____________ {{directions}} The earliest engravings printed on paper did not appear until the ____________ century. {{fifteenth}} Because engraved lines are transferred to paper under very high pressure, they not only reveal the ink from the grooves, but themselves have a ridge-like texture that can be ____________ by running a finger across the print. {{felt}} The drypoint burr retains particles of ____________, creating a softened rather than crisp line when printed. . {{ink}} In etching, the metal plate is covered with a liquid, ____________-resisting ground. {{acid}} Matisse said, "What I am after, above all, is ____________. {{expression}} With mezzotint engraving, the entire metal plate is worked over with a curved, multi-toothed implement called a ____________. {{hatcher}} From the evenly-pitted surface of the mezzotint plate the artist creates an image by gradually scraping and burnishing the areas of the plate that are meant to be ____________. {{lighter}} Soft-____________ etching employs a ground of softened wax and can be used to render the effects of crayon or pencil drawings. {{ground}} Lithography is a surface or ____________ printing process. {{planographic}} Another word for silkscreen printing is ____________. {{serigraphy}} Unlike most other graphic processes, serigraphy permits the rendering of images in ____________ as well as in ink. {{paint}} In serigraphy, ____________ are used to create the design or image. {{stencils}} Recently a serigraphic process called ____________ silk-screen has been developed that allows the artist to create photographic images on a screen covered with a light-sensitive gel. {{photo}} The monotype differs from other printmaking techniques in that it yields but a ____________ print. {{single}} Arthur M. Hind said, "In comparison with painting and sculpture, ____________ is a cosmopolitan art…." {{engraving}} Discussion Questions Describe the distinguishing relationship between matrix and paper in each of three kinds of printmaking: relief, intaglio, and planographic. How does serigraphy differ technically from the other forms of printmaking? How does the emotional impact differ between Hiroshige's Rain Shower on Ohashi and Nolde's The Prophet? Consider the use of line, shape, and color. Describe the different depths and groupings of lines used by Pollaiuolo in Battle of Ten Naked Men to achieve his masterful representation. Describe how Toulouse-Lautrec used at least three different methods to create his lithographic Seated Clowness. Many engravers erase or cancel the matrix after they have printed the number of prints they wish to print (an engraver might simply scratch a large "X" across the plate). Why do you suppose artists do this to their matrix? We have talked a lot about the aesthetic dimension of printmaking. But what about the practical aspect of being able to make many identical copies of a picture? What impact might this ability have had on history? Look at and think about Pollaiuolo's Battle of Ten Naked Men. Given the effect he achieved in this engraving, why would he probably not have wanted to work in lithography, even if the technique had been available in his time? Explain why Matisse used etching rather than engraving in his Loulou in a Flowered Hat. Explain what is meant by "mixed-media printmaking." Give examples of works of art in your answer.