American Civil Liberties.docx

American’s civil liberties 1.) Civil Liberties are A. laws that provide and set limits on one’s freedom B. individual legal and constitutional protections against the government C. the rights to vote and participate in the political process of a democracy D. freedoms that are not specified in the Constitution or in the statutory laws, but make up the unwritten Constitution E. Citizen’s rights to equal treatment under the law. Answer: B 2.) American’s civil liberties are set down in the Declaration of Independence the Preamble to the Constitution the Bill of Rights no written document of law Article 1 of the Constitution Answer: C 3.) The ________ is the final interpreter of the content and scope of American’s civil liberties. Constitution American Civil Liberties Union Congress Supreme Court President Answer: D 4). At the time of the ratification of the Constitution, A) All states had bills of rights but there was no national Bill of Rights. B) There were no bills of rights in the United States. C) The national government had a Bill of Rights but, there were no state bills of rights. D) Both the national government and the states had bills of rights. E) The national Bill of Rights also applied to the states. Answer: A 5). The Bill of Rights was adopted primarily in response to A) British abuses of the colonists’ civil liberties. B) the horrors of the French Revolution. C) The Spanish Inquisition. D) Shay’s Rebellion E) The abuses committed by the U.S. Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. Answer: A 6). In the case of _______, the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not states and cities. A) Barron v. Baltimore B) Gitlow v. New York C) Miranda v. Arizona D) Engel v. Vitale E) New York v. The United States Answer: A 7). The great freedoms of speech, press, religion, and assembly are contained in the A) First Amendment B) Second Amendment C) Third Amendment D) Fourth Amendment E) First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments. Answer: A 8) Today, _________ apply to the states. A) all but four provisions of the Bill of Rights B) all of the Bill of rights C) none of the Bill of Rights D) Four amendments of the Bill of Rights E) all of the Bill of Rights except the First Amendment Answer: A 9). Beginning with the case of ________ in 1925, the Supreme Court began to rule that the Bill of Rights applied directly to the states, as well as the national government. A) Barron v. Baltimore B) Gitlow v. New York C) Miranda v. Arizona D) Engel v. Vitale E) United States v. Bill of Rights Answer: B 10). In deciding to incorporate parts of the Bill of Rights into state laws since 1925, the Supreme Court has relied on the due process clause of the A) First Amendment. B) Fifth Amendment. C) 14th Amendment. D) 26th Amendment. Answer: C 11). The _______ includes the clause “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.” A) First Amendment B) Second Amendment C) Fifth Amendment D) 14th Amendment E) Religious Rights Amendment Answer: A 10). In deciding to incorporate parts of the Bill of Rights into state laws since 1925, the Supreme Court has relied on the due process clause of the A) First Amendment. B) Fifth Amendment. C) 14th Amendment. D) 26th Amendment. Answer: D 13). Unlike Great Britain and many other nations, the United States does not have an _______ church that is officially supported by the government and recognized as a national institution. A) incorporated B) established C) ecclesiastical D) imperial E) adjudicated Answer: B 14). The abridgment of citizens’ freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited by the A) due process clause. B) establishment clause. C) free exercise clause. D) Second Amendment E) Freedom of Religion Answer: C 15) In dealing with the First Amendment cases involving religion, the Supreme Court has ruled that A) government must not interfere with any expression of religious faith. B) such questions should be resolved at the state and local levels of government. C) while all religious beliefs are Constitutionally protected, all religious practices are not. D) the Constitution does not protect anti-religious beliefs and practices. E) None of these. Answer: C 16). In the Lemon v. Kurtzman decision of 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that A) devotional Bible-reading in public schools was unconstitutional. B) aid to church-related schools must be for secular purposes only, and cannot be used to advance or inhibit religion. C) any aid of any sort to church-related schools is not constitutional, because it violates church-state separation. D) aid to church-related schools is fully constitutional, and can be used for any purposes needed by the schools. E) spoken prayers in public schools were unconstitutional. Answer: B 17). In the Engel v. Vitale case of 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ was unconstitutional. A) Prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools. B) prior restraint C) police search or seizure without an authorized warrant D) the Connecticut statute barring the distribution of birth control information E) Segregation Answer: A 19) The Supreme Court has interpreted the establishment clause of the First Amendment as A) allowing nondenominational school prayer. B) grounds for denying federal aid to children attending parochial schools. C) prohibiting school-organized Bible-reading and prayer in public schools. D) merely preventing the establishment of a national church. E) all of these Answer: C 20). Which of the following is NOT a free exercise issue? teacher led prayers in public schools animal sacrifice religious use of peyote saluting the flag. whether Amish children must go to school Answer: A 21). During the 1980s, the Supreme Court _______ the displaying of Christmas nativity scenes and Hanukkah menorahs on public property. refused to hear cases challenging upheld the constitutionality of declared unconstitutional encouraged first permitted and then prohibited Answer: B 22). In free exercise cases, the Supreme Court allows the government to interfere with religious practices as long as it is not specifically aimed at religion. prohibits the government from interfering with religious practices. permits the government to interfere with religious practices. prohibits prayer in public schools but permits government aid to religious schools. Answer: A 23). In regards to the free exercise clause, the Supreme Court has made each of the following rulings except: people could become conscientious objectors to war on religious grounds. polygamy may be justified for Mormons on religious grounds. Amish parents may take their children out of school after eighth grade. the Air Force can enforce its dress code even against religiously-based dress choices public schools cannot require Jehovah’s Witnesses to attend a flag saluting ceremonies. Answer: B 24). Freedom of expression has sometimes been limited when it conflicts with other rights and values. is an absolute right protected by the First Amendment. includes freedom of speech and press, but not actions. would not protect a political rally attack an opposition candidate’s stand on issues. Is protected by the Fourth and Fifth Amendments. Answer: A 25). Which of the following statements about freedom of expression is false? Holding a political rally to attack an opposition candidate’s stand on important issues gets First Amendment protection. Obscenity and libel are not protected by the First Amendment. Picketing is considered symbolic speech and receives Fist Amendment protection. Government can limit expression more easily than it can limit action. Universities cannot prohibit racial, religious, or sexual insults. Answer: D 26). _________ refers to a government’s censorship of material before it is published. Probable cause Equal protection Prior restraint The exclusionary rule Government advisory Answer: C 27). In its Near v. Minnesota decision of 1931, the Supreme Court ruled that a CIA agent could not publish a personal memoir without clearing it through the agency. the state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper. A school newspaper was not a public forum and could be regulated “in any reasonable manner” by school officials. states had the power to use prior restraint broadly, but the national government did not. States were prohibited from publishing newspapers because that amounted to government censorship of the press and constituted the establishment of a government monopoly. Answer: B 28). The Supreme Court has permitted prior restraint of which of the following? the Pentagon Papers high school newspapers a newspaper that called local officials “Jewish gangsters” compact discs by 2 Live Crew It has permitted prior restraint of all of these. Answer: B 29). The Pentagon Papers dealt with prisoners of war from World War II. secret agreements between the United States and the Soviet Union. a documented history of U.S. involvement in the Korean War, which the government wanted kept secret. a documented history of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, which the government wanted kept secret. All of these Answer: D 30). Prior restraint is most often considered acceptable on the grounds of religious freedom. libel. obscenity. national security. cruel and unusual punishment. Answer: D 31). In the case of Dennis v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that burning a draft card was not covered under free speech. overturned the convictions of Communist party officials who had been sent to prison because of their beliefs. upheld the convictions of Communist party officials who had been sent to prison because of their beliefs. overturned the federal law against burning or desecrating the American flag, arguing that it violated free speech. upheld the federal law burning or desecrating the American flag, arguing that it violated free speech. Answer: C 32). In the case of New York Times v. United States in 1971, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of prior restraint in order to prevent publication of the Pentagon Papers. against prior restraint in the case of the Pentagon Papers, which allowed them to be published. against permitting racy advertisements for massage parlors, saunas, and escort services which could not be deemed obscene. against permitting racy advertisements for massage parlors, saunas, and escort services as freedom of speech. That the government cannot file libel suits against newspapers, because, it would result in government censorship. Answer: B 33) In Schenck v. United States (1919), Justice Holmes said that speech can be restricted when it advocates the violent overthrow of the United States. is expressed on private property. provokes “a clear and present danger” to people. is spoken rather than non-verbal or symbolic. is uttered by government officials in an effort to establish a religion. Answer: C 34) A shield law gives reporters the right to withhold information from the court. prevents reporters from disclosing secret government information. gives judges the right to issue a gag order. prevents the courts from closing criminal trials to the press. protects certain religious practices not covered by Supreme Court rulings. Answer: A 35) Obscenity not protected by the under the Constitution clearly defined as it pertains to both freedom of the press and freedom of speech a matter of federal standards rather than the state or local standards equated with nudity by the Supreme Court is prohibited by the state Answer: A 36) In ______, the Court clarified its doctrine of what was obscene, including such gauges as weather material appealed to merely a prurient interest in sex and whether it lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific ideas Engel v. Vitale Osborne v. Ohio Federal Communications Commission v. Stern. Miller v. California Near v. Minnesota Answer: D 37) At the urging of feminists and conservative Christians, some cities have banned pornography on the grounds it dehumanizes and endangers women. How have the courts dealt with those bans? They have been struck down as a violation of the First Amendment They have upheld them based on the First Amendment They have upheld them based on the Equal Protection Clause of the 14 Amendment The courts have been erratic, allowing some ordinances and revoking others. They have refused to review them. Answer: A 38) In the case of New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) the Supreme Court ruled that the publication of the Pentagon Papers could be legally published as a matter of national security. the Pentagon Papers could be legally published, despite the government’s desire to keep the material secret. government officials cannot sue newspapers for libel since this would entail prior restraint of the press D. statements made about political figures, are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth. E. statements made the made about political figures, however malicious, can deemed libelous. Answer: D 39)The publications of the statements known to be false that are malicious and tend to damage a person’s reputation is called obscenity libel slander symbolic fraud Answer: B 40) Wearing an arm band and burning a US flag are examples of ________ actions that so not consist of speaking or writing, but that express an opinion symbolic speech commercial speech the free exercise clause obscenity unspoken speech Answer: A 41) Advertising is considered a form of _________, and according to the decisions of the Supreme Court, is subject to greater restrictions on free speech than religious or political speech symbolic speech commercial speech propaganda paid speech imaged expression Answer: B 42) Symbolic speech is prohibited under the First Amendment consists of speech criticizing the symbols of government consists of action that expresses an opinion has been ruled as disruptive and criminal activity cannot be prohibited because it is too vague for government to legislate against Answer: C 43) In the case of ________ the Supreme Court ruled that requiring an organization to turn over its membership lists was an unconstitutional restriction on freedom of association Mapp v. Ohio Planned Parenthood v. Casey Near v. Minnesota NAACP v. Alabama United States v. Communist Party Answer: D 44) Which of the following statements about freedom of assembly is false? freedom of assembly is often neglected alongside the great freedoms of speech, press, and religion. B Without freedom of assembly we would not have the right to form political parties or interest groups C Freedom of assembly includes the right to assemble and the right to associate D Freedom of assembly allow groups to demonstrate at any given time, at any place, and at any manner they wish. Nazis have the Constitutional right to march through a heavily Jewish community. Answer: D 45) Unless they witness a crime, police officers cannot arrest a suspect without A) probable cause B) due process C) a writ of habeas corpus D) informing them of their Miranda rights Answer: A 46) Which of the following statements about the Bill of Rights and the rights of the accused is false? A) The Bill of Eights covers every stage of the criminal justice system B) The language of the Bill of Rights regarding the rights of the accused is often vague C) Defendant’s rights are well-defined in the Bill of Rights D) Most defendant’s rights, as provided in the Bill of Rights, have been incorporated by the states E) The great majority of the words in the Bill of Rights deal with the rights of the accused rather than freedoms of expression Answer: C 47) Which of the following statements about search warrants is false? A) Police could not legally seize cocaine found in a trunk if they were searching a house for obscene materials B) Search warrants must specify the area to be search and the material sought in the police search C) There is no constitutional requirements that a warrant is necessary for a reasonable police search D) Nearly all searches in the United States take place with an official search warrant Answer:D 48) In the case of _______, the Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule. A) Miranda v. Arizona B) Roth b. United States C) Gideon v. Wainwright D) Mapp v. Ohio E) United States v. New York Answer: D 49) Ever since 1914, the courts have used _______ to prevent illegally seized evidence from being introduced into the courtroom. A) an exclusionary clause B) prior restraint C) search warrants D) probable cause E) the Miranda rule Answer:A 50) The Fifth Amendment forbids A) forced self-incrimination B) illegal searches and seizures C) cruel and unusual punishment D) the government establishment of national religion E) all but D Answer:A 51) In the case of Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that A) the police must show probable cause before making an arrest B) defendants is all felony cases have a right to counsel, even if the state has to provide such legal assistance C) the death penalty could be imposed for the most extreme of crime D) police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent E) illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a trial Answer:D 52) Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court’s decision in Miranda v. Arizona? A) Miranda’s innocence or guilt was not at issue; his rights had been violated, so his conviction was overturned. B) The Court ruled that Miranda was innocent, and Miranda later became a famous public defender in the local courts. C) The Court ruled that Miranda’s constitutional rights had not been violated and that he could be legally executed. D) The Court’s decision greatly relieved members of the police department throughout the country. E) The Court concluded that Miranda was innocent, overturned his conviction, and ordered him freed from prison Answer:A 53) Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination means that A) you can be granted immunity from prosecution in exchange for your testimony B) as a defendant you have a right to counsel C) you cannot be forced to be a witness against yourself D) you have a right to confront witnesses against you E) police officers may use whatever force is necessary to protect themselves from harm in arrest situations Answer:C 54) In the 1963 case of _______, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in all felony cases had a right to counsel, and if they could not afford to hire a lawyer, one must be provided A) Miranda v. Arizona B) Gideon v. Wainwright C) Mapp v. Ohio D) Engel v. Vitale E) National Bar association v. United States Answer:B 55) According to the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, how many members should there be on a jury? A) a minimum of six B) between six and 12 C) a minimum of 12 D) no specifications are made as to jury size E) exactly 11 Answer: D 56) Most criminal cases are settled in A) district court B) municipal and count courts C) the Supreme Court D) plea bargaining Answer: D 57) The Supreme Court case of Gideon v. Wainwright A) gave only those accused of capital crimes the right to counsel B) set guidelines for police questioning of suspects C) ruled that illegally seized evidence can not be used in court D) extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony E) prohibited government officials from issuing gag orders to the media Answer: D 58) The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution A) is the right to bear arms B) is the freedom of privacy C) forbids cruel and unusual punishment D) protects freedom of assembly E) grants women equal rights including the right to vote Answer: C 59) The right to a “speedy trial” and the prohibition against “cruel and unusual punishment” A) are included in the Bill of Rights, but are rather vague and subject to the interpretation of the courts themselves B) are included in the Bill of Rights, are self-evident, and speak for themselves without much court interpretation C) were ruled unconstitutional in 1976 because they were so ill-defined as to be meaningless D) are not guaranteed by the Bill of Rights but, however vague in wording, are considered vital to our court system E) are so important that they were among the few civil liberties actually guaranteed by the original constitution Answer: A 60) In Gregg v. Georgia (1976), concerning applications of the Eighth Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled that A) the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment B) only the federal government, and not the states, can impose the death penalty C) capital punishment is an extreme sanction, but it is suitable to the most extreme of crimes D) Georgia’s death penalty law was “freakish” and “random.” E) execution by electrocution is cruel and unusual punishment Answer: C 61) Where is the right to privacy found in the Constitution? A) Tenth Amendment B) First Amendment C) Ninth Amendment D) Sixth Amendment E) None of these Answer: E (Actually, in the decision to Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to privacy was implied in the 1st, 4th, 5th, 9th, and 14th Amendments. Not just the 9th, which is what this question was looking for.) 62) In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that in the third trimester of pregnancy A) states can ban abortion except when the mother’s health is in danger. B) states cannot ban abortion. C) states cannot ban abortion unless the mother’s life is in danger. D) states are prohibited from funding the abortions of poor woman. E) the federal government, but not the states, is prohibited from funding abortions for poor woman. Answer: A 63) The Supreme Court ruled in its Roe v. Wade decision that A) abortion was murder. B) abortion was to be allowed only in cases of rape or incest, or when the life of the pregnant woman was in danger. C) abortion could not be prohibited by any state during the first trimester of pregnancy. D) all restrictions on abortions at any stage of pregnancy were a violation of a woman’s right to privacy. E) each state and not the federal government has authority to determine whether to permit or prohibit abortion in that state. Answer: C 64) Since its Roe v. Wade decision, the Supreme Court has A) greatly extended the right of a woman to make her own decisions about terminating her pregnancy. B) not moved an inch from its dramatic original ruling. C) generally moved to allow states more room to regulate abortions (e.g., waiting periods) than was true in Roe. D) reversed itself within the last few years, and has now overturned the Roe decision. Answer: C 65) The idea that the Constitution guarantees a right to privacy was first enunciated in A) Griswold v. Connecticut B) Roe v. Wade C) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services D) Planned Parenthood v. Casey. E) Marbury v. Madison. Answer: A 61) The abortion decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) was justified by the Supreme Court largely on the grounds of A) our Constitutional right to life. B) the freedom of religion clause of the First Amendment. C) the right of privacy implied in the Bill of Rights. D) new advances in medical technology. E) the free exercise clause of the First Amendment. Answer: C 62) In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that abortion A) was a fundamental right, and any restrictions on such a right had to be judged by a “strict scrutiny.” B) could be completely outlawed by individual states. C) restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve “undue burdens” on the woman seeking abortions. D) funding by any level of government was unconstitutional. E) must be funded by state governments when the mother cannot afford it, or it would be a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Answer: C 63) In recent years, the Supreme Court has A) increased protection of woman’s physical access to abortion clinics. B) restricted woman’s physical access to abortion clinics. C) done nothing to protect woman’s physical access to abortion clinics despite the calls of many woman’s groups. D) permitted states to close down increasing numbers of abortion clinics. E) prohibited demonstrations within sight of abortion clinics. Answer: A 64) Which of the following statements about the Supreme Court and abortion is false? A) The Supreme Court has forbidden any state regulation of abortion during the first trimester. B) The Supreme Court permits states to forbid the use of any state funds to pay for abortions. C) The Court allows states to require a woman to give her husband advance notice of an abortion. D) the Supreme Court upheld a state law requiring teenagers to secure the consent of at least one parent before obtaining an abortion. E) The Court permits states to require a 24-hour waiting period before getting an abortion. Answer: C Chapter 5 in the text begins here… 65) Policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination are known as A) civil rights. B) civil liberties. C) affirmative action. D) suffrage. E) human rights. Answer: A 66) The phrase “all men are created equal” comes from the A) Bill of Rights. B) Constitution. C) Declaration of Independence. D) famous pamphlet, Common Sense. E) Bible. Answer: C 67) The concept that everyone should have the same chance is called equality of A) results. B) opportunity. C) rewards. D) distribution. E) fate. Answer: B 68) Which of the following statements is true? A) Most colonists were eager to end slavery. B) The delegates to the Constitutional Convention did not resolve the tensions between slavery and the principles of the Declaration of Independence. C) Woman’s rights were hotly debated at the Constitutional Convention. D) The American Revolution was fought principally in the name of equality. E) All of these. Answer: B 69) The 14th Amendment was on of three passed A) right after the Revolutionary War. B) directly following the Civil War. C) during the Depression of the 1930s. D) during the 1960s. E) during George Washington’s administration. Answer: B 70) The 14th Amendment specifically forbids the states from denying to anyone A) the right to vote on the basis of sex. B) the right to vote on the basis of race. C) equal protection of laws. D) freedom of privacy. E) freedom on the basis of race. Answer: C 71) The first and only place in which the idea of equality appears in the Constitution is in the A) Preamble. B) First Amendment. C) Ninth Amendment. D) 14th Amendment. E) Declaration of Independence. Answer: D 72) After Brown v. Board of Education (1954), school integration in the South A) ended abruptly. B) proceeded very slowly. C) never changed. D) was unaffected by the decision. E) was completed within three years. Answer: B 73) The case of Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools (1971) A) ruled that schools could not limit the number of black students enrolled in an effort to minimize desegregation. B) ruled that schools must set aside a federal judge- determined number of spots for blacks before they would be considered desegregated. C) permitted judges to achieve racially balanced schools through busing. D) prohibited busing for school integration. E) gave state legislatures the power to determine school desegregation procedures in each state. Answer: C 74) ______ was a young local minister who was thrust into the national spotlight in 1955- 1956 as the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. A) Andrew Young B) Martin Luther King, Jr. C) Malcolm X D) Medgar Evers E) Jesse Jackson Answer: B 75) The beginning of the Civil Rights Movement is marked by A) The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education. B) the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. C) the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). D) Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat in the front of a bus to a white man in Alabama. E) the Emancipation Proclamation. Answer: D 76) The Civil Rights Act of _____, the most important law since the Emancipation Proclamation, made racial discrimination illegal in public accommodations throughout America. A) 1954 B) 1964 C) 1974 D) 1984 E) 1947 Answer: B 77) The ______ Amendment, adopted in 1870, guaranteed the right of African- Americans to vote- at least in principle. A) First B) Fifth C) 13th D) 15th E) 19th Answer: D 78) Suffrage refers to A) the hardships endured to obtain civil rights for African- Americans and equal rights for women. B) the legal right to vote. C) the legal segregation of the races or of men and women in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other public places. D) the practice of de facto slavery rather than de jure slavery. E) the practice of shackling slaves working in fields so they could not run away. Answer: B 79) The grandfather clause was passed by Oklahoma and other southern states to A) deny African-Americans the right to vote. B) distribute land to former slaves on the basis of how many generations they had served on a particular plantation. C) exclude blacks from having the right to vote in primary elections, though they could vote in general elections. D) deny land to anyone whose grandfathers were not white. E) guarantee the equal rights of senior citizens in employment. Answer: A 80) The grandfather clause was ______ by the Supreme Court in the 1915 decision, Guinn v. United States. A) established B) upheld as constitutional C) found unconstitutional and outlawed D) overlooked E) declared age discrimination Answer: C 53) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 A) guaranteed minority groups the right to vote. B) guaranteed equal access to hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations. C) ended the white primary. D) ended discrimination in the purchase or rental of housing. E) established the first affirmative action programs. Answer: B 54) The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1964, A) prohibited discrimination in employment or public accommodations based on race. B) outlawed the grandfather clause and the white primary. C) outlawed the use of literacy tests in order to register to vote. D) prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections. E) granted Negroes the right to vote. Answer: D 55) Poll taxes for federal elections were outlawed in the A) Civil Rights Act of 1964. B) Voting Rights Act. C) 24th Amendment. D) Supreme Court’s Guinn v. U.S. decision of 1915. E) Tax Reform Act of 1963. Answer: C 56) Native American Indians were made citizens of the United States in A) 1789 B) 1868 C) 1924 D) 1964 E) They were never made citizens of the U.S. Answer: C 57) The women’s rights movement was launched with the signing of the A) Seneca Falls Declaration B) Declaration of Independence C) Emancipation Proclamation D) Feminist Manifesto E) Equal Rights Amendment Answer: A 58) The Supreme Court Case of Korematsu v. United States (1944) A) upheld the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. B) awarded benefits to Japanese Americans interned during World War II. C) ruled that public discrimination against Japanese Americans is unconstitutional D) set the stage for the extension of equal rights to Japanese Americans. E) upheld the prohibition of the ownership of land by people of Japanese descent. Answer: A 65) “Coverture” A) is a term used to describe the time when minority groups will outnumber Caucasians of European descent B) was the legal doctrine used to discriminate against Native Americans by placing them in reservations C) was the principle used to justify the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. D) was the legal doctrine the deprived married women of any identity separate from that of their husbands. E) was the combination of electric shock therapy and drugs once used to “cure” homosexuals of their homosexuality. Answer: D 66) The 19th amendment A) gave women the constitutional right to vote B) gave African-Americans the constitutional right to vote C) ended slavery. D) outlawed the poll tax on federal elections E) repealed Prohibition Answer A 67) Alice Paul authorized the Equal Rights Amendment, and unsuccessfully pushed for its passage beginning in A) the 1920’s B) the 1940s C) the 1970s D) the 1980s E) the 1960s Answer A 68) The feminist movement was reborn A) when the Equal Rights Amendment was first introduced in the 1920s B) when the Supreme Court made its decision in Roe v. Wade C) during the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s D) when women became involved in the war effort during World War II E) after the Civil War when women became inspired by the emancipation of slaves Answer C 69) Betty Friedan’s book _____________, published in 1963, encouraged many women to question traditional assumptions and to assert their rights. A) A Handmaid’s Tale B) Women and Economics C) The Second Sex D) The Feminine Mystique E) The Female Eunuch Answer D 70) In ___________, The Supreme Court ruled that any “arbitrary” sex-based classification violated the equal protection clause. A) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools B) Regents of University of California v. Bakke C) Reed v. Reed D) Dredd Scott v. Sandford E) Roe v. Wade Answer C 71) The Supreme Court has voided each of the following sexual discrimination laws except laws that A) provided for alimony payments for women only B) closed a state’s nursing school to men C) set a higher age for drinking for men then women D) made statutory rape a crime for men only Answer D 72) The Equal Rights amendment failed because A) it did not win the required two-thirds vote in each chamber of congress B) it was vetoed by the president C) it fell three states short of sufficient ratification D) the Supreme Court voided it as unconstitutional E) it was rejected by the U.S. senate Answer C 73) The ______ banned sex discrimination in employment by law. A) Fair Labor Standards Act B) Civil Rights Act of 1964 C) 19th amendment D) Gender Equality act of 1972 E) the Supreme Court ruling in National Organization for Women v. Bank of America Answer B 74) In considering gender discrimination in employment and business activity, the Supreme Court has ruled that any prerequisites based on gender or appearance A) are unconstitutional B) are matters of private business concern, and therefore not under the protection of the constitution C) must have a direct relationship with the duties required in a particular position, or are otherwise discriminatory. D) can be accepted as non-discriminatory if the requirements have a long-standing tradition in the industry E) fall within the penumbra of the commerce clause, and thus enjoy its constitutional protection. Answer C