Ch17 A Geographic Profile of Africa South of the Sahara.docx

Chapter 17 A Geographic Profile of Africa South of the Sahara 1. About _____ percent of the region’s people subsist on less than $1 a day. a. 18 b. 26 c. 47 d. 63 e. 76 2. According to a study, which of these is not a primary cause of civil wars that have occurred since 1960? a. A high dependence upon natural resources b. Ethnic and religious differences c. Low economic growth d. Poverty 3. In 2004 Africa’s natural population growth rate was about _____ times that of the United States. a. Two times b. Three times c. Four times d. Five times e. Six times 4. Africa can best be described as a continent of _____. a. Irrigated valleys and dry basins b. Large plateaus and major rivers c. Volcanic peaks and deep gorges d. Vast lowlands and basins e. Basins and long ranges 5. Which capital city is located on Lake Victoria? a. Nairobi b. Kampala c. Kigali d. Bujumbura e. Addis Ababa 6. The first reported human case of AIDS was reported in ______ in the year _____. a. South Africa; 1979 b. Tanzania; 1951 c. Ethiopia; 1961 d. Congo; 1959 e. Rwanda; 1973 7. Which country has more HIV cases than any other country in the world? a. Botswana b. Zimbabwe c. South Africa d. Democratic Republic of the Congo e. Mozambique 8. Which of these statements about HIV and AIDS in Africa is true? a. AIDS will dramatically alter recent projections of the continent’s population growth if it is not contained soon b. Prostitution is legal in Senegal but because of vigorous education campaigns the incidence of HIV infection is very low in that country c. AIDS will change the age-structure diagrams of some African countries from chimney-shaped to pyramid-shaped d. An estimated 15 percent of all adult Africans living south of the Sahara are infected with HIV e. Compulsory licensing requires even poor countries to purchase drugs such as AIDS “cocktails” at full price 9. Which of these lakes is not located near the Great Rift Valley? a. Lake Volta b. Lake Victoria c. Lake Tanganyika d. Lake Nyasa e. Lake Albert 10. The enormous hydroelectric power potential in Africa is due mainly to the presence of numerous: a. Escarpments b. Deep lakes c. Wetlands d. Plateaus e. Deltas 11. The Sahel is: a. A broad basin in the central Sahara Desert in which several major rivers originate b. The mountainous region stretching between Cameroon and Ethiopia c. A drought-prone tropical steppe south of the Sahara Desert d. An area of tropical rainforest subject to intense deforestation e. A steppe or semidesert lying to the east of the Namib Desert 12. Which of these statements about soils in Africa is true? a. Soils of tropical rainforest and savanna areas are generally black and fertile b. Soils of tropical areas generally support a very sparse natural vegetation c. Soils of tropical areas generally lose fertility rapidly when cleared and cultivated d. Soils made of alluvium or volcanic material are found throughout the region e. Soils in Mediterranean biomes are very fertile and easy to work 13. Which of these is not a major crop grown in tropical rainforest areas? a. Wheat b. Corn c. Yams d. Manioc e. Bananas 14. Sheep herding is especially important in the: a. Kalahari b. High Veld c. Serengeti d. Sahel e. Ruwenzori 15. Why is cattle raising uncommon in parts of tropical Africa? a. Religious taboos b. Restrictive laws on agricultural products c. A deadly disease transmitted by tsetse flies d. More economical game ranching of indigenous species e. None of the above 16. The most famous African example of close dependence upon cattle are the: a. Tutsi b. Maasai c. Yoruba d. Hausa e. Afars 17. Which of the following is known as “Africa’s Greatest Conservationist”? a. Richard Leakey b. Jomo Kenyatta c. The helicopter d. The tsetse fly e. The Green Revolution 18. Which of these regions was not an original culture hearth? a. The High Veld and Drakensberg b. The forest-savanna boundary of West Central Africa c. The West African savanna d. The Ethiopian Plateau e. The West African forest 19. “Swahili” means _____ in Arabic. a. Africa b. Trade c. Coastal d. Sahara e. South 20. Which of these statements about the slave trade is false? a. Male slaves were sometimes able to assume important political offices b. Arabs were the main traders in African slaves until the fifteenth century c. European slave traders were the first white explorers to venture into much of the interior of Africa d. Many African kingdoms went to war with each other for the sole purpose of capturing people to trade as slaves e. As many as 25 million Africans were forced into slavery over a period of 1,200 years 21. Which of the following best describes the triangular trade? a. Slaves from Africa to Europe; guns, alcohol and manufactured goods from Europe to the Americas; gold, silver, tobacco, sugar and rum from the Americas to Africa b. Guns, alcohol and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa; slaves from Africa to the Americas; gold, silver, tobacco, sugar and rum from the Americas to Europe c. Slaves from the Americas to Europe; guns, alcohol and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa; gold, silver, tobacco, sugar and rum from Africa to the Americas d. Guns, alcohol and manufactured goods from the Americas to Europe; gold, silver, tobacco, sugar and rum from Europe to Africa; slaves from Africa to the Americas e. Guns, alcohol and manufactured goods from Africa to the Americas; slaves from the Americas to Europe; gold, silver, tobacco, sugar and rum from Europe to Africa 22. In which country does slavery still exist despite being outlawed three times? a. Senegal b. Mali c. Nigeria d. Mauritania e. Sierra Leone 23. Which country is the main supplier and trafficker of children sold into modern-day slavery? a. Nigeria b. Benin c. Cameroon d. Gabon e. Ivory Coast 24. What was the significance of the Conference of Berlin? a. European powers finally agreed to abolish the trans-Atlantic slave trade b. European powers established their spheres of influence in Africa c. Germany turned over its former colonies in Africa to other European powers d. The African Union was organized and recognized by the United Nations e. The colony and later country of Nigeria was established by Britain 25. Which of these statements about the effects of colonialism in Africa is true? a. Subsistence farmers were marginalized onto poor-quality soils in favor of cash cropping b. Most modern national boundaries do not coincide with indigenous political or ethnic divisions c. Europeans introduced new crops and improved agricultural methods into Africa d. Colonizers often corrupted traditional political systems to suit their needs e. All of the above 26. Which European country has a long history of post-colonial intervention in political and military affairs of African nations? a. Great Britain b. France c. Spain d. Portugal e. Italy 27. What has been called the “curse of Africa”? a. The tsetse fly b. Corn c. Colonialism d. Overpopulation e. Civil wars 28. Which country refused to distribute tons of American corn to its citizen during the 1992 drought? a. Zambia b. Zimbabwe c. Angola d. Tanzania e. Mozambique 29. What are branded diamonds? a. Diamonds that have been used to finance African wars b. Diamonds sent to Israel or Belgium in sealed, certified containers c. Diamonds that are not considered to be “rough” d. Diamonds sold to customers with a guarantee it came from a conflict-free area e. Diamonds that are smuggled across country lines to be exported 30. According to the map in the book, which of these countries is considered “free” in terms of political freedom? a. Ethiopia b. Nigeria c. Gabon d. Kenya e. Namibia 31. Which of these countries did not experience a major war or insurrection between 1994 and 2004? a. Tanzania b. Central African Republic c. Eritrea d. Angola e. Ivory Coast 32. The U.S. military has made what country a major military center, mainly for antiterrorism? a. Kenya b. Senegal c. Djibouti d. Cameroon e. Benin 33. Which of these statements about geopolitics in Africa is false? a. South Africa had nuclear weapons until their dismantling in 1990 b. The possibility of many Africans unaware they are HIV-positive passing through U.S. airports daily represented a danger to the United States c. Nigeria and Angola combined provide about 15 percent of America’s oil d. U.S. aid to the region dropped by 30 percent between 1985 and 1992 e. South Africa is the largest African trading partner of the United States Chapter 18 The Assets and Afflictions of Countries South of the Sahara Multiple Choice Questions 34. Oil has recently been discovered in the southern area of which Sahelian country? a. Mauritania b. Mali c. Niger d. Chad e. Cape Verde 35. The Moors of _____ began expelling black residents in 1995. a. Senegal b. Mali c. Guinea d. Chad e. Mauritania 36. West African countries depend mostly upon _____ economically. a. Oil exports b. Minerals c. Agricultural exports d. Subsistence farming e. Manufacturing 37. Which country leads the world in the export of cacao, from which cocoa and chocolate are made? a. Kenya b. Ivory Coast c. Ghana d. Tanzania e. Cameroon 38. Nigeria has _____ percent of all of sub-Saharan Africa’s population. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 e. 25 39. Which of these statements about recent events in Nigeria is true? a. The Ogoni tribal people declared their independence from Nigeria in 1990, which led to the Nigerian government razing Ogoni villages in 1993 b. Ogoni activist Kan Saro-Wiwa was executed by other Ogoni activists in 1994 because he did not take a more active position against the government c. Because of its actions against the Ogoni, Nigeria was subject to a worldwide embargo against imports of Nigerian oil for several years d. Ogoni defiance of the Nigerian government has spread to other major ethnic groups in the region, such as the Yoruba, Ibo and Ijaw e. Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo’s refusal to allot oil-producing Nigerian states a greater share of oil revenues led to widespread violence in 2003 40. What is the main reason northern Nigerian states have implemented shari’a laws since 1999? a. To blunt the influence of Nigeria’s Christian president b. To replace Nigeria’s ineffectual secular courts with religious-based ones c. To discourage southern Christians from emigrating to the richer north d. To create a distinctive legal system that is a preamble to the north’s secession e. To prevent the spread and influence of Western ideals and thought 41. A volcanic eruption in 2002 near _____ incinerated the city of Goma and caused 400,000 people to flee. a. Lake Nyos b. Lake Victoria c. Lake Kivu d. Lake Tanganyika e. Lake Monoun 42. In West Central Africa, the World Bank: a. Will not extend loans to the Democratic Republic of the Congo until it holds free and fair elections b. Is mostly issuing microcredit loans to establish much-needed small businesses c. Is helping finance a modern highway between Brazzaville and Pointe Noire at considerable expense d. Will not extend loans to countries in the region unless they have a plan to use their tropical rainforest resources in a sustainable fashion e. No longer has operations in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea because of the inflow of revenue into those countries from oil exports 43. What was the incident that started the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo? a. Laurent Kabila topples Mobutu Sese Seko’s government b. Popular unrest in the southern part of the country from unemployment and inflation c. Hutu forces based in the DRC launch attacks against Tutsis in Rwanda d. The national army attempts to eradicate indigenous Tutsis living in the east e. Angola’s rebel UNITA forces invade the DRC in order to secure its military bases there 44. Between 1998 and 2001, an estimated _____ people lost their lives in the DRC’s wars. a. 500,000 b. 1.2 million c. 1.9 million d. 2.6 million e. 3.3 million 45. The most urbanized nation in East Africa is: a. Uganda b. Burundi c. Rwanda d. Tanzania e. Kenya 46. Which national leader expelled most of the ethnic Indians and Pakistanis from his country in 1972, which led to the near-collapse of the economy? a. Mobutu Sese Seko b. Daniel Arap Moi c. Frederik de Klerk d. Robert Mugabe e. Idi Amin 47. The primary difference between the Hutu and the Tutsi is: a. Religious b. Economic c. Linguistic d. Ethnic e. Cultural 48. Which of these statements about Hutus and Tutsis is false? a. Europeans referred to anyone owning more than 10 cattle as a Tutsi, and anyone owning less than 10 as a Hutu b. After the independence of Rwanda and Burundi, Hutus came to dominate the governments of both nations c. Tutsis were mythologized as being “black Caucasians” who were a naturally superior race to the Hutus d. There is now a power-sharing agreement between Hutus and Tutsis in Burundi e. A Tutsi president elected in Burundi in 1993 was assassinated by Hutu rebels based in eastern Zaire 49. Which country is known as the “Galapagos Islands of Religion”? a. Nigeria b. Tanzania c. South Africa d. Ethiopia e. Democratic Republic of the Congo 50. The most important factor keeping Ethiopia isolated and underdeveloped is: a. A virtually nonexistent communications system b. The lack of significant natural resources for export c. A poor transportation network d. An oppressive, isolationist government e. The very small, scattered population 51. Which of these crops can be grown without irrigation in Ethiopia’s highlands? a. Oranges b. Figs c. Bananas d. All of the above e. None of the above 52. What was the stated aim of “Operation Restore Hope”? a. To protect relief workers and aid shipments in Somalia b. To protect the Horn of Africa from Islamic militants c. To help rebuild the destroyed city of Mogadishu d. To deliver AIDS drugs to citizens of Somalia and Ethiopia e. To protect Somalia against an Ethiopian invasion 53. Victoria Falls is located on the: a. Niger River b. Orange River c. Congo River d. Zambezi River e. Okavango River 54. Which capital is widely regarded as the cleanest and safest in Africa? a. Nairobi b. Windhoek c. Pretoria d. Yaoundé e. Libreville 55. South Africa has about _____ of Africa’s manufactures. a. 1/2 b. 1/3 c. 1/4 d. 1/5 e. None of the above 56. South Africa is the world’s largest producer of: a. Gold b. Aluminum c. Diamonds d. Coal e. Copper 57. Which of these statements about mining in southern Africa is true? a. Zimbabwe has the largest deposits of coal in Africa, located along the Great Dike b. Malawi’s economy depends mainly on copper mined in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo and exported to other markets through Malawian companies c. More new petroleum reserves have been discovered off the Angolan coast in the past decade than in any other location in the world d. Botswana wants to control the Caprivi Strip because of the large diamond and gold deposits located within it e. South Africa recently completed a program to shift most of its electricity generation to hydropower from polluting bituminous coal 58. Blacks compose about _____ percent of South Africa’s population. a. 65 b. 75 c. 85 d. 95 59. Why does Namibia own the Caprivi Strip? a. German colonists wanted Namibian access to the Zambezi River b. Khoi and San ethnic groups wanted to be politically united with Namibia instead of Botswana c. Namibia seized the Caprivi Strip to gain access to its mineral wealth d. South Africa created Namibia’s borders to place a buffer between the warring countries of Angola and Botswana e. Namibia seized the Caprivi Strip to have unimpeded access to the Okavango River, needed for a reliable supply of drinking water 60. The last absolute monarchy in Africa is: a. Malawi b. Djibouti c. Lesotho d. Swaziland e. Gambia 61. Cabinda is an exclave of what country? a. Democratic Republic of Congo b. South Africa c. Angola d. Namibia e. Equatorial Guinea 62. Four-fifths of the total value of Botswana’s exports comes from: a. Agricultural products b. Gold c. Petroleum d. Diamonds e. Manufactures 63. What was the Great Trek? a. British colonists expanding into the interior of South Africa from their base in Cape Town b. The importing of indentured servants from Asia by the Boers to work on agricultural fields in South Africa c. Migration by Boers away from British-controlled areas of South Africa to form independent Boer republics d. The rush of British fortune hunters to South Africa in the late 1800s after gold and diamonds were discovered e. The steady influx of Dutch, German, and French Huguenot settlers into Cape Town and surrounding areas starting in the 1600s 64. Which of these statements about apartheid is false? a. Apartheid was first systematized under a comprehensive body of national laws in 1948 b. Apartheid laws imposed racially based restrictions and prohibitions on the entire population of South Africa c. Millions of black South Africans were relocated onto several government-designated “homelands” d. The United States and other nations imposed economic sanctions against South Africa because of the apartheid system e. Apartheid-era laws are being dismantled in stages, with the last vestiges of it to be eliminated by 2014 65. Which of these statements best describes the theory of island biogeography? a. A small island has more plant and animal species than an area of similar size on the mainland b. Reforestation projects on islands have succeeded in increasing the number of plant and animal species on those islands c. The farther away an island is from the mainland the more plant and animal species it contains d. A 90 percent reduction in forest cover on an island is likely to result in the loss of about 50 percent of that island’s animal and plant species e. The longer people have lived on an island the fewer plant and animal species there are on that island 66. Madagascar is the source of 70 percent of the world’s: a. Cacao b. Dates c. Cloves d. Rubber e. Vanilla 67. France has a defense treaty with _____, which it used in 1995 to put down a coup led by a French mercenary. a. Comoros b. Central African Republic c. Cameroon d. Madagascar e. Ivory Coast