What Is Nutrition Core Concepts.docx

Nutrition and You: Core Concepts What Is Nutrition? 1) Nutrition knowledge has no influence on our food choices. Answer: FALSE 2) Diet, genes, and physical activity influence your risk for disease. Answer: TRUE 3) Vitamins are inorganic compounds. Answer: FALSE 4) Supplements provide the same health benefit as nutrients and nonnutrients from food. Answer: TRUE 5) A single food can be good for you even if it does not provide all the nutrients. Answer: TRUE 6) The American diet is very healthy. Answer: FALSE 7) Heart disease, kidney disease, and respiratory disease are the three leading causes of death in the United States and can be prevented through good nutrition. Answer: FALSE 8) Even with all the diet information available to Americans, our body weights are increasing. Answer: TRUE 9) Eleven percent of Americans, suffering from food insecurity, lack enough food to eat daily. Answer: TRUE 10) Rates of obesity are highest in people with the highest incomes. Answer: FALSE 11) The body slows metabolism and hoards calories during periods of hunger. Answer: TRUE 12) Low-cost foods tend to taste better. Answer: TRUE 13) Water helps maintain your body temperature and acts as a lubricant for your joints, eyes, mouth, and intestinal tract. Answer: TRUE Match the term to its definition. A) substances that speed up reactions in your body B) a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being C) substances containing carbon D) maintaining the level of water in the body for optimum health E) processing of genetic information to create a specific protein F) the substance of which genes are made G) nutrients you must have in order to function H) the part of the plant that isn't digested in the small intestine I) the tendency of food to satisfy our taste buds J) the essential nutrients you need in smaller amounts K) the energy-containing essential nutrients you need in higher amounts L) the science that studies how the nutrients in food affect your health M) carrying an excessive amount of body fat above the level of being overweight 14) DNA 15) Nutrition 16) Essential 17) Macronutrients 18) Micronutrients 19) Enzymes 20) Organic 21) Fiber 22) Gene expression 23) Health 24) Palatability 25) Hydration 26) Obesity Answers: 14) F 15) L 16) G 17) K 18) J 19) A 20) C 21) H 22) E 23) B 24) I 25) D 26) M 27) What role do diet, exercise, and genetics play in our health? A) They have no effect on our health. B) It depends on our gender and age. C) They can influence our health for better or worse. D) none of the above Answer: C 28) Which type of stress is a major risk factor for ill health? A) acute B) chronic C) mental D) physical Answer: B 29) A potent predictor of health problems is low socioeconomic status because of A) the inability to get to the doctor. B) the possible lack of education. C) the lack of social contact. D) the use of alcohol and tobacco to cope with chronic stress. Answer: D 30) Having a good basis of nutrition knowledge will A) influence our food choices. B) encourage us to eliminate carbohydrates from our diet. C) justify a high-protein diet. D) do all of the above. Answer: A 31) The ________ you inherited from your parents influence(s) the way your body uses food. A) digestion B) genes C) height D) taste buds Answer: B Page Ref: 2-5 32) A chronic deficiency of iron can make you feel A) tired. B) short of breath. C) weak. D) all of the above. Answer: D 33) A disease characterized by poor bone density and increased risk of fracture is called A) osteoporosis. B) beriberi. C) anemia. D) hepatitis. Answer: A 34) Good nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of all of the following diseases, EXCEPT A) cancer. B) kidney disease. C) diabetes. D) stroke. Answer: B 35) What does deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contain? A) the instructions cells use to break down fats B) the instructions cells use to absorb nutrients C) the instructions cells use to build protein D) the instructions cells use to metabolize minerals Answer: C 36) The study of the relationship between diet and genes is called A) genetic nutrition. B) dietary genetics. C) the human genome. D) nutritional genomics. Answer: D 37) What was the collaborative effort to determine and sequence DNA in human cells called? A) Human DNA Sequencing B) Human Genome Project C) Human Gene Expression Mapping D) Human Nutrition Genome Answer: B 38) Nutritional genomics would be used to determine the best combination of nutrients for an individual based on that person's A) genetic makeup. B) food likes and dislikes. C) eating habits. D) stress levels. Answer: A 39) The essential nutrients include A) alcohol, water, and minerals. B) carbohydrates, protein, and fats. C) minerals, fiber, and vitamins. D) fats, carbohydrates, and fiber. Answer: B 40) Which is the correct definition of the term organic? A) contains carbon B) grown in rich soil C) contains nitrogen D) provides iron Answer: A 41) Which of the following is inorganic? A) minerals B) water C) salts D) all of the above Answer: D 42) Because you need higher amounts of these in your diet, they are called macronutrients. A) vitamins B) minerals C) carbohydrates D) phytochemicals Answer: C 43) The energy in food is measured in A) grams. B) calories. C) kilograms. D) Celsius. Answer: B 44) Which nutrient provides the body with glucose? A) fats B) proteins C) vitamins D) carbohydrates Answer: D 45) Which nutrient is the body's preferred source of energy? A) minerals B) carbohydrates C) protein D) fiber Answer: B 46) The body uses protein to A) build and maintain muscles, organs, and tissue. B) convert minerals to energy. C) maintain body temperature. D) do all of the above. Answer: A 47) Which nutrient provides the body with energy but is not essential? A) carbohydrates B) fats C) alcohol D) protein Answer: C 48) The best way to ensure that your diet is well balanced is to A) take supplements. B) eat a variety of foods. C) eat only packaged foods with food labels. D) avoid foods containing fat. Answer: B 49) Which of the following has the highest carbohydrate content? A) chicken with skin B) raw broccoli C) popcorn D) they all have about the same Answer: C 50) Foods high in fiber are often good sources of ________. A) phytochemicals B) protein C) fats D) B vitamins Answer: A 51) Under what conditions would people benefit from taking a supplement? A) lactose intolerance B) pregnancy C) anemia D) all of the above Answer: D 52) American intake of which two nutrients exceeds the recommended amount? A) calcium and monounsaturated fat B) iron and vitamin C C) sodium and saturated fat D) carbohydrates and protein Answer: C 53) Americans often fail to meet their needs for these two nutrients. A) vitamin E and calcium B) sodium and vitamin C C) protein and saturated fat D) none of the above Answer: A Page Ref: 2-9 54) Two health problems related to our diet that have become epidemic in the USA are A) anemia and lung problems. B) overweight and obesity. C) attention deficit disorder and strokes. D) osteoporosis and sleep deficit. Answer: B 55) What percentage of the adult American population is currently overweight? A) over 35 percent B) over 55 percent C) over 65 percent D) over 75 percent Answer: C 56) Which of the following is one of the two main goals for Healthy People 2010? A) to help Americans reduce their stress B) to help Americans better understand MyPyramid C) to help Americans increase their intake of animal products D) to help Americans increase their life expectancy Answer: D 57) Which nutrient aids in enzyme function? A) vitamins B) protein C) fats D) water Answer: A 58) When you carry extra weight on your body in relation to your height, you are considered A) obese. B) overweight. C) pleasantly plump. D) just right. Answer: B 59) The diet-related number-one cause of death in the United States is A) kidney disease. B) diabetes. C) stroke. D) heart disease. Answer: D 60) Which foods are more likely to satisfy our taste buds? A) cookies B) apples C) carrots D) chicken Answer: A 61) What is the difference between a macronutrient and a micronutrient? Answer: A macronutrient is needed in larger quantities than a micronutrient. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, and the energy nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) are macronutrients. 62) What are the essential nutrients and why do you need them? Answer: The essential nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. They are all equally important to the body because they work together to support growth and reproduction, to supply energy, and to help repair and maintain the body. The body cannot make these essential nutrients and thus they must come from the diet. 63) Poor people have less money to buy food yet obesity is highest among people with the lowest income. Explain. Answer: Foods with the lowest cost tend to be high in fat and sugar, high in calories, and low in essential nutrients. People lacking money are forced to buy cheap food. The result is a diet abundant in calories, resulting in weight gain while leaving the individual malnourished.