HR Career and Personal Success Self-Motivation and Goal Setting.docx

Human Relations for Career and Personal Success Self-Motivation and Goal Setting EXAMINATION QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. A need is: a. an external striving to achieve a goal. b. an internal sense of calm and relaxation. c. an external sense of calm and relaxation. d. an internal striving or urge to do something, such as a need to drink when thirsty. Answer: c p. 25 2. According to the need theory of motivation, unsatisfied needs motivate us until: a. they become satisfied. b. they become frustrated. c. they lead to self-actualization. d. they lead to self-esteem. Answer: a p. 25 3. A strong need for achievement is characterized by: a. a desire to control others. b. a desire to achieve friendships. c. joy in accomplishment for its own sake. d. happiness with modest accomplishments. Answer: c p. 26 4. Being part of the "office gang" most directly satisfies the need for: a. power. b. achievement. c. self-actualization. d. affiliation. Answer: d p. 27 5. Which of the following group of needs tends to be the most frequently satisfied? a. safety and security. b. esteem. c. belongingness and love. d. self-actualization. Answer: a p. 30 6. An important contribution of goals to your life is that they prevent a __________ of effort. a. focusing b. concentration c. scattering d. curtailment Answer: c p. 31 7. Most motivational goals are: a. general and considerably difficult. b. long range rather than short range. c. set by others for us. d. specific and reasonably difficult. Answer: d p. 31 8. Popular opinion strongly suggests that the various generations have different needs which are based on their ______. a. values b. needs c. strengths d. weaknesses Answer: a Difficulty level - 3 p. 29 9.________________is the best-known categorization of needs. (a) Maslow’s hierarchy (b) Erikson’s stages of development (c) Freud’s concepts of the self (d) Descartes rules of induction Answer: a p. 30 10. A person with a learning-goal orientation would: a. prefer new learning to a high income. b. want to prove his or her own competency. c. establish a goal for learning new skills. d. attempt to impress others through good performance. Answer: c p. 32 11. A problem noted with a performance-goal orientation is that it can: a. reduce interest in the task itself. b. place too much emphasis on new learning. c. place too much emphasis on mastering a situation. d. make a person obsessed with finding joy in the task. Answer: a Difficulty level - 3 p. 32-33 12. According to the technique of priority setting on the job, the worker: a. tells the superior which goals should have the highest priority. b. gives the highest priority to goals that fit his or her values. c. pursues diligently goals that he or she finds most important. d. pursues diligently goals that are most important to management. Answer: d p. 34 13. A realistic goal is one that: a. includes money as well as happiness. b. is relatively easy to attain. c. matches the employer's desires. d. represents the right amount of challenge. Answer: d p. 34 14. A goal that leads to success is usually: a. reasonably challenging. b. set in the present tense. c. set in the intermediate range. d. established for us by another person. Answer: a p. 35 15. According to research, an advantage of fantasy goals is that they: a. improve daily performance. b. help with personal adjustment. c. help us appreciate an ordinary job. d. make other goals unnecessary. Answer: b p. 38 16. An appropriate (or key) objective in a work setting specifies: a. the steps necessary to accomplish a goal. b. satisfaction levels for employees. c. outcomes of what the department was created to produce. d. process goals such as "teamwork" and "improve morale." Answer: c Difficulty level - 3 p. 40 17. A problem sometimes encountered with strict adherence to goal setting is that: a. performance is actually lowered. b. it becomes difficult to define success. c. the goal setter becomes too flexible. d. the goal setter has difficulty relaxing. Answer: d Difficulty level - 3 p. 40 18. Intrinsic motivation refers to: a. the natural tendency to avoid any kind of work. b. the natural tendency to seek out new challenges and to use one’s abilities. c. the natural desire for what is routine and familiar. d. the inability to focus on a task due to other interests. Answer: b Difficulty level - 3 p. 41 19. Rewarding yourself for doing something right is an example of: a. behaviour modification. b. goal setting. c. raising your self-expectations. d. getting feedback on your performance. Answer: a p. 42 20. An important implication of expectancy theory for self-motivation is: a. people should acquire the training they need. b. a positive mental attitude is more important than training. c. people should choose their own rewards. d. self-determining work is an effective motivator. Answer: a Difficulty level - 3 p. 43 21. Developing a positive mental attitude is similar to: a. overcoming expectancy theory. b. raising your self-expectations. c. applying behaviour modification to yourself. d. getting feedback on your performance. Answer: b p. 43 22. A person who develops a strong work ethic will automatically: a. behave in a highly ethical manner. b. develop a learning-goal orientation. c. be strongly motivated. d. be qualified for a supervisory position. Answer: c p. 43-44 23. A key characteristic of self-disciplined people is that they: a. impose punishment and suffering on themselves. b. rebel against goals set by management. c. find very little joy in working. d. work toward attaining goals without being distracted. Answer: d p. 44 24. The first step in the self-discipline model is to: a. develop role models. b. formulate a mission statement. c. compartmentalize spheres of life. d. search for pleasure within the task. Answer: b Difficulty level - 3 p. 44 25. A self-disciplined person experiences considerable: a. day-by-day suffering. b. distractions while attempting to achieve goals. c. intrinsic motivation. d. stress based on working so hard. Answer: c Difficulty level - 3 p. 45 True/False 26. According to the need theory of motivation, people have needs and motives that propel them toward achieving certain goals. Answer: True p. 25 27. The need for thrill seeking is a personal need that is rarely pursued on the job. Answer: False p. 26 28. The most difficult group of needs to satisfy are the self-actualization needs. Answer: True Difficulty level - 3 p. 26 29. The highest-level needs people strive to satisfy are called self-actualizing needs. Answer: True Difficulty level - 3 p. 27 30. Goals typically lead to a scattering of effort because the goal setter pursues several different activities at the same time. Answer: False p. 31 31. Goals create a discrepancy between what exists and an ideal situation. Answer: True p. 31 32. Goals that lead to a highly demanding task may create a state of over arousal that prompts the person to back away from getting the job done. Answer: True p. 32 33. A person with a learning-goal orientation is strongly interested in demonstrating his or her competency and adequacy. Answer: False p. 32 34. A person with a performance-goal orientation is heavily interested in acquiring new skills and mastering new situations. Answer: False p. 32 35. People with a performance-goal orientation are strongly interested in obtaining feedback on their performance. Answer: False p. 32 36. Goals set by lower-ranking employees are supposed to contribute to goals set at the top of the organization. Answer: True p. 32 37. A key consequence of priority setting on the job is that you attach the most importance to goals your employer thinks are the most important. Answer: True p. 34 38. An action plan describes what will be done if your original goal cannot be reached. Answer: False p. 35 39. Effective goals state what you will be doing when you achieve your goal. Answer: True p. 35 40. It is best to ignore past performance in setting goals. Answer: False 41. A realistic goal finds a mid-point between no challenge and extraordinary challenge. Answer: True 42. One problem with goals is that they may lead the goal setter to avoid important activities not related to the goal. Answer: True 43. A problem with goals is that they often interfere with relaxation. Answer: True p. 40 44. Setting goals is one of the most effective ways to increase motivation. Answer: True 45. According to the expectancy theory of motivation, building your skills relevant to the job will increase your motivation. Answer: True 46. Lowering your level of self-expectation is equivalent to developing a positive mental attitude. Answer: False 47. Good questions to ask when formulating a personal mission statement are "Who are you?" and "What are you trying to accomplish in life'?" Answer: True 48. A key part of the self-discipline model is to develop general goals that are the same from task to task. Answer: False 49. When using visual and sensory stimulation to help you achieve goals, it is recommended that you incorporate many senses into your visualizations. Answer: True 50. The self-disciplined person who compartmentalizes spheres of life keeps several different components of life in mind at the same time when performing a task. Answer: False