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Chapter 2: Hardware Basics: Inside the Box Chapter 2: Hardware Basics: Inside the Box Multiple Choice: Processing information involves: accepting information from the outside world. communication with another computer. performing arithmetic or logical operations on information that is input. All of these answers are forms of processing information. Answer: C Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate Producing output involves: accepting information from the outside world. communication with another computer. moving and storing information. communicating information to the outside world. Answer: D Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate Hardware components are: physical parts of a computer system. fully functional without computer software. impossible to add on after the initial purchase of a computer. the intangible parts of a computer system. Answer: A Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate The most common input devices include: monitors and keyboards. monitors and mice. mice and keyboards. printer and mice. Answer: C Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Easy The primary output device for computers is a: video monitor. printer. keyboard. mouse. Answer: A Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Easy The hardware device commonly referred to as the “brain” of the computer is the: RAM chip. data input. CPU. secondary storage. Answer: C Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate CPU stands for: central production unit. central processing unit. computer processing unit. computer primary unit. Answer: B Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate The CPU is also known as the: microprocessor. random access memory. primary storage. microunit. Answer: A Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Easy The primary difference between RAM and secondary storage devices is: the length of time data is stored. RAM is permanent and secondary storage is temporary. RAM accepts input; secondary storage devices do not. the way data is stored to them. Answer: A Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Challenging RAM is also known as: secondary storage. the central processing unit. the “brain” of the computer. primary storage. Answer: D Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate If a user needs information instantly available to the CPU, it should be stored: in the CPU. in RAM. in secondary storage. on a CD. Answer: B Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate Storage devices include all of the following EXCEPT: a recordable CD. RAM. a hard drive. a DVD drive. Answer: B Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate The input, output, and storage devices are known as: peripheral devices. secondary storage devices. firmware. hardware drivers. Answer: A Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate Digital means that computer information is discrete and countable, subdivided into: digits. analog units. input. bytes. Answer: A Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Easy The smallest unit of information a computer can understand and process is known as a: digit. byte. bit. kilobyte. Answer: C Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Moderate A bit can have two values: bit and byte. 0 and 1. 2 and 4. 1 and 2. Answer: B Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Moderate Binary means: there are two possibilities: on and off. the same as a byte: 8 bits. there are three options: 0, 1, and 2. that computers really need to have three or more options. Answer: A Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Easy A group of 8 bits is known as a: kilobyte. binary digit. byte. megabit. Answer: C Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Moderate The binary system uses the power of: 10. 4. 256. 2. Answer: D Reference: How It Works 2.1: Binary Numbers Difficulty: Easy A byte can represent any number between 0 and: 2. 255. 256. 1024. Answer: B Reference: How It Works 2.1: Binary Numbers Difficulty: Challenging The most widely used code that represents each character as a unique 8-bit code is: ASCII. Unicode. binary numbering system. EBCDIC. Answer: A Reference: Bits as Codes Difficulty: Moderate ASCII stands for: American Standard Code for Information Interface. American Standard Computer Interface Internet. American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Advanced Standard Code for Interface Interchange. Answer: C Reference: Bits as Codes Difficulty: Challenging In ASCII, ____________ characters can be created. 255 1,024 256 128 Answer: C Reference: Bits as Codes Difficulty: Challenging An advanced coding scheme that incorporates Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, and Japanese is known as: ASCII. World wide interchange (WWI). Worldcode. Unicode. Answer: D Reference: Bits as Codes Difficulty: Challenging 1,024 bytes of data is a: megabyte. kilobyte. gigabyte. terabyte. Answer: B Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords Difficulty: Easy Approximately 1,000 megabytes is a: terabyte. kilobyte. petabyte. gigabyte. Answer: D Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords Difficulty: Moderate The largest storage devices commonly available today are able to store: kilobytes. terabytes. gigabytes. petabytes. Answer: B Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords Difficulty: Challenging The unit that transforms input into output is known as the: RAM chip. BIOS chip. CPU. motherboard. Answer: C Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer Difficulty: Moderate The motherboard is the: circuit board that contains a CPU and other chips. circuit board that houses peripheral devices. same as the CPU chip. the first chip that is accessed when the computer is turned on. Answer: A Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer Difficulty: Moderate Backward compatibility means that: a Pentium 4 chip can handle processing previously done by a Pentium III. all hardware will work will other hardware. a mouse will work with more advanced hardware that comes out after the date the mouse was produced. all software will work on all other computer systems. Answer: A Reference: Compatibility Difficulty: Moderate Linux is a(n): computer system. operating system. piece of application software. type of CPU device. Answer: B Reference: Compatibility Difficulty: Challenging The clock of a computer system is the: software that shows the time on the taskbar. timing device that processes all instructions input into the computer. timing device that produces electrical pulses to synchronize the computer’s operations. device that is the newest and most modern in a computer system. Answer: C Reference: Performance Difficulty: Moderate A computer’s clock speed is measured in: gigabytes. bits. megahertz. gigahertz. Answer: D Reference: Performance Difficulty: Challenging The word size of a typical PC’s CPU is: 1 or 2 bytes. 32 or 64 bits. 32 or 64 bytes. 8 or 16 bits. Answer: B Reference: Performance Difficulty: Challenging The ____________, by Intel, is a 64-bit processor. Pentium Athlon Itanium Celeron Answer: C Reference: Performance Difficulty: Challenging When two processors are employed in a computer, it is known as: double processing. parallel processing. CPU duplicate processing. clustering. Answer: B Reference: Performance Difficulty: Moderate Units that work together in the CPU include all EXCEPT: the ALU. the prefetch unit. the decode unit. RAM. Answer: D Reference: How It Works 2.3: The CPU Difficulty: Challenging The CPU’s ALU contains: RAM spaces. registers. byte spaces. secondary storage space. Answer: B Reference: How It Works 2.3: The CPU Difficulty: Challenging The part of the CPU that instructs the bus unit to read instructions stored at a certain memory address is known as the: bus device. prefetch unit. decode unit. writeback. Answer: B Reference: How It Works 2.3: The CPU Difficulty: Challenging The storage area for the next likely data or instruction to be processed, preventing bottlenecks and slowing of the system, is known as: cache. the register. RAM. the CPU. Answer: A Reference: How It Works 2.3: The CPU Difficulty: Challenging RAM stands for: Random Access Memory. Readily Accessible Memory. Randomly Accessible Memory. Read Access and Memorize. Answer: A Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Easy Information stored in RAM is considered volatile, which means it is: stored there permanently. not held permanently, only temporarily. stored when the electricity is shut off. stored permanently in the CPU device. Answer: B Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Moderate The memory that stores the computer’s date, time, and calendar is the: RAM. flash memory. register. CMOS. Answer: D Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Moderate The time for the processor to retrieve data from memory is measured in: megabits. nanoseconds. milliseconds. megabytes. Answer: B Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Challenging The circuit board that contains RAM chips is known as a: CMOS. ROM. SIMM. RAM board. Answer: C Reference: How It Works 2.4: Memory Difficulty: Moderate The permanently etched program in ROM that automatically begins executing the computer’s instructions is the: BIOS. ROM. CMOS. RAM. Answer: A Reference: How It Works 2.4: Memory Difficulty: Challenging The groups of wires that transfer data are known as the: CPU. system clock. system buses. CMOS. Answer: C Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals Difficulty: Easy Expansion cards are inserted into: slots. peripheral devices. the CPU. the back of the computer. Answer: A Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals Difficulty: Moderate External devices such as printers, keyboards, and modems are known as: add-on devices. peripherals. extra hardware devices. PC expansion slot add-ons. Answer: B Reference: Working Wisdom: Green Computing Difficulty: Easy Fill in the Blank: The first function that computers perform is to receive ____________ or information from the outside world. Answer: input Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Easy The physical components of a computer system are known as ____________. Answer: hardware Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Easy A printer and a monitor are the most common ____________ devices. Answer: output Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Easy Data that must be immediately available for processing in the CPU must be stored in ____________. Answer: RAM or memory Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate Hard disk drives, DVD drives, and floppy drives are all forms of ____________ storage. Answer: secondary or permanent Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate The keyboard, monitor, and a DVD drive are known as ___________. Answer: peripherals Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate A computer system is not complete without ____________, which tells the hardware what to do. Answer: software Reference: What Computers Do Difficulty: Moderate A(n) ____________ is a binary digit. Answer: bit Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Moderate A program that runs on a(n) ____________ operating system cannot run on Windows. Answer: Linux Reference: Compatibility Difficulty: Moderate Eight bits are called a(n) ____________. Answer: byte Reference: Bit Basics Difficulty: Easy The most widely used code of computer systems is ____________. Answer: ASCII Reference: Bits as Codes Difficulty: Moderate GB stands for ____________. Answer: gigabyte Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords Difficulty: Easy Data transfer speed is measured in ___________. Answer: megabits Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords Difficulty: Challenging The CPU, all additional chips, and the electronic circuitry are all housed on the ____________. Answer: motherboard Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer Difficulty: Moderate Gigahertz is a measure of the computer’s clock speed and is measured in ____________ of clock cycles per second. Answer: billions Reference: Performance Difficulty: Challenging The number of bits a CPU can process simultaneously is the CPU’s ____________. Answer: word size Reference: Performance Difficulty: Challenging SIMM stands for ___________. Answer: single in-line memory module Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Easy Computer memory or primary memory is also known as ____________. Answer: RAM Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Easy ___________ memory is nonvolatile and often used in digital cameras and cell phones. Answer: Flash Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Challenging Nonvolatile memory, etched at the factory, is called ____________. Answer: ROM Reference: The Computer’s Memory Difficulty: Moderate The wire groups that transfer data between components on the motherboard are known as the ____________. Answer: buses or system buses Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals Difficulty: Moderate Sockets on the outside of the computer, often in the back, into which you can plug peripherals are the ____________ of the computer system. Answer: ports Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals Difficulty: Moderate Matching: Match the following terms to their meanings: I. bus A. area in the computer box for disk drives or other devices II. bay B. printer, scanner, or mouse, for example III. expansion card C. wires that move data from one component to another IV. port D. location to insert a PC card, for example V. expansion slot E. adds an additional feature to a computer system VI. peripheral F. socket on the outside of the computer Answers: C, A, E, F, D, B Reference: How It Works 2.1: Binary Numbers Difficulty: Easy Match the following terms to their meanings: I. RAM A. memory chips on small circuit boards, double-sided II. CMOS B. similar to RAM but nonvolatile III. DIMM C. low-energy, battery powered memory IV. ROM D. memory chips on small circuit boards, single-sided V. BIOS E. firmware programs in ROM VI. flash memory F. primary memory VII. SIMM G. nonvolatile memory Answers: F, C, A, G, E, B, D Reference: How It Works 2.4: Memory Difficulty: Moderate Match the following terms to their meanings: I. ALU A. 32 or 64 bit storage for the ALU II. register B. memory which is faster than RAM III. prefetch unit C. 32 or 64 bits processed simultaneously IV. cache D. part of the CPU where instructions are performed V. word size E. translates an instruction VI. decode unit F. retrieves an instruction VII. clock G. timing device Answers: D, A, F, B, C, E, G Reference: How It Works 2.3: The CPU Difficulty: Moderate 16 Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2006 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.