When an authoritarian child-rearing style high in psychological or coercive control becomes excessive, the child will
A) display anxiety, depression, and aggressive behavior.
B) show respect only for adults who are in positions of authority.
C) become a socially competent and independent adult, but will have unhappy childhood memories.
D) become a passive, submissive teenager who is unable to make independent decisions.
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Identify the correct developmental sequence of the phases of primary attachments, from earliest to last:
a. multiple attachments :: asocial :: specific attachments.
b. asocial :: multiple attachments :: specific attachments.
c. multiple attachments :: specific attachments :: asocial.
d. asocial :: specific attachments :: multiple attachments.
Question 2
Bonzo is shy because he was born with a third eye that is easily noticed. Bonzo is assertive and bold on the Internet because no one sees his third eye. This illustrates a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.
a. recessive
b. active (niche-building)
c. evocative
d. passive
Question 3
Schaffer and Emerson's famous study of infant attachment applied a ____ research design.
a. case study
b. longitudinal
c. cross-sectional comparison
d. sequential
Question 4
Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip) are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.
a. active (niche-building)
b. recessive
c. passive
d. evocative
Question 5
Synchronized interactions between infants and their parents are important contributors to emotional attachment because
a. they create a routine.
b. the infant likes to look at faces rather than other stimuli.
c. they provide an opportunity for the infant to learn what his parent is like and how to attract his or her attention.
d. such exchanges are innately pleasurable.
Question 6
A person's genotype, as well as the reactions of others to the phenotype, influence the quality of ____ genotype/phenotype correlations.
a. active (niche-building)
b. selectively bred
c. passive
d. evocative
Question 7
Children who are adopted are ____ nonadoptive infants to become securely attached to their primary caregiver.
a. just as likely as
b. less likely than
c. more likely than
d. less likely when the adoption is international than
Question 8
The Schnozzles are known for a distinctive genetic trait: big noses. Ollie Schnozzle has a big nose, too, and kids tease him. Ollie is now shy. This shows a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.
a. evocative
b. crossing over
c. active
d. passive
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Eight-year-old Jasmine’s parents grant her little autonomy. This could cause Jasmine to
A) feel very safe, secure, and protected.
B) become rebellious and defiant.
C) develop feelings of incompetence.
D) have an overly inflated ego.
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Adopted children and adolescents
A) are no more likely than biological children to have learning or emotional difficulties.
B) tend to have more learning and emotional difficulties than other children.
C) rarely develop a secure attachment to any adult.
D) often have higher IQs than other children.
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Once a dominance hierarchy is established,
A) hostility is rare.
B) hostility increases.
C) antisocial behavior emerges.
D) cliques begin to form.
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Which of the following functions do mixed-sex cliques serve during the teenage years?
A) They provide boys and girls with models for how to interact with the other sex and a chance to do so without having to be intimate.
B) They offer the security of a permanent identity as teenagers separate from the family and begin to construct a coherent sense of self.
C) They offer security based on the notion of “safety in numbers,” particularly for teenagers in urban locations.
D) They provide warmth, support, and structure that many teenagers lack in their home environment.
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A decrease in competition and increased harmony are two positive outcomes of
A) traditional classrooms.
B) homogeneous grouping arrangements.
C) multigrade classrooms.
D) mainstreaming.
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If Natalie and Jenna are in the Friendship as Mutual Trust and Assistance stage of friendship, which of the following descriptions would apply?
A) Their relationship has become more complex and psychologically based.
B) Their friendship does not have any type of enduring quality.
C) A rift in their friendship would not require an apology or explanation.
D) Only an extreme falling out can terminate their friendship.
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Describe the three-stage sequence of children’s understanding of friendship.
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As mutual trust and loyalty increase in importance, school-age children’s friendships become more
A) complex.
B) intimate.
C) unstable.
D) selective.
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