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NAD+ as an electron shuttle.
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Description
The full name for NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, describes its structure; the molecule consists of two nucleotides joined together at their phosphate groups (shown in yellow). (Nicotinamide is a nitrogenous base, although not one that is present in DNA or RNA.) The enzymatic transfer of two electrons and one proton (H+) from an organic molecule in food to NAD+ reduces the NAD+ to NADH; the second proton (H+) is released. Most of the electrons removed from food are transferred initially to NAD+.
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