Major Minerals List

Table 39 4 Sources Func es or Excesses“ Mineral Calcium Chloride Copper Fluorine Iodine Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Common Sources Dairy products. dark green vegetables. dried legumes Table salt (usually too much in diet) Nuts. legumes, seafood. drinking water Fluoridated water. tea. seafood Marine fish. shellfish. iodized salt. dairy products Whole grains. green leafy vegetables. legumes. nuts. eggs. lean meat. molasses. dried fruit. shellfish Whole grains. legumes. nuts. dairy products Whole grains. poultry. red meat Diet alone provides ample amounts Table salt; diet provides ample to excessive amounts Proteins in diet Whole grains. legumes. nuts. meats. seafood Main Functions Bone. tooth formation; blood clotting: neural and muscle action HCI formation in stomach; contributes to body's acidfbase balance: neural action Used in synthesis of melanin. hemoglobin. and some transport chain components Bone. tooth maintenance Thyroid hormone formation Formation of hemoglobin and cytochrome (transport chain component) Coenzyme role in ATPrADP cycle: roles in muscle. nerve function Component of bone. teeth. nucleic acids. ATP. phospholipids Muscle and neural function; roles in protein synthesis and body's acidrbase balance Key role in body's saltrwater balance; roles in muscle and neural function Component of body proteins Component of digestive enzymes: roles in normal growth. wound healing. sperm formation. and taste and smell Effects of Chronic Deficiency Stunted growth: fragile bones: nerve impairment: muscle spasms Muscle cramps: impaired growth; poor appetite Anemia; changes in bone and blood vessels Tooth decay Enlarged thyroid (goiter) with metabolic disorders Ironrdeficiency anemia: impaired immune function Weak. sore muscles; impaired neural function Muscular weakness; loss of minerals from bone Muscular weakness Muscle cramps None reported Impaired growth; scaly skin; impaired immune function ' Guidelines for appropriate daily intakes are being worked out by the Food and Drug Administration. Effects of Extreme Excess Impaired absorption of other minerals: kidney stones in susceptible people Contributes to high blood pressure in certain people Nausea: liver damage Digestive upsets: mottled teeth and deformed skeleton in chronic cases Toxic goiter Liver damage: shock: heart failure Impaired neural function Impaired absorption of minerals into bone Muscular weakness; paralysis: heart failure High blood pressure in susceptible people None likely Nausea. vomiting. diarrhea: impaired immune function and anemia