Environmental and Conservation Biology

6 years ago

Parasites are always transmitted between hosts via an intermediate vector organism (True or false?)

Parasites are always transmitted between hosts via an intermediate vector organism.

True or False?

mat 65 1 Reply

6 years ago

Animal parasites can be either ecto- or endoparasites, whereas all plant parasites live inside the ...

Animal parasites can be either ecto- or endoparasites, whereas all plant parasites live inside the plant tissue as endoparasites.

True or False?

melaa 67 1 Reply

6 years ago

A major problem for parasites is gaining access to and escaping from the host (True or false?)

A major problem for parasites is gaining access to and escaping from the host.

True or False?

Iridium 37 1 Reply

6 years ago

Holoparasites are plants that lack chlorophyll and are thus nonphotosynthetic, relying totally on a ...

Holoparasites are plants that lack chlorophyll and are thus nonphotosynthetic, relying totally on a host's tissues for nutrition.

True or False?

Iridium 34 1 Reply

6 years ago

Symbiosis is an interaction between two species that is beneficial to both species (True or false?)

Symbiosis is an interaction between two species that is beneficial to both species.

True or False?

mat 57 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following factors is most strongly reduced with increased forest size?

Which of the following factors is most strongly reduced with increased forest size?
A) density of nymphs
B) percent nymphs infected
C) density of infected nymphs
D) density of deer infected

Iridium 42 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is associated with the increased incidence of Lyme disease?

Which of the following is associated with the increased incidence of Lyme disease?
A) decreased tick population
B) decreased deer population
C) decreased white-footed mouse population
D) decreased forest patch size

mat 54 1 Reply

6 years ago

The presence of a mutualist might allow what to happen in terms of population dynamics?

The presence of a mutualist might allow what to happen in terms of population dynamics?
A) The species could surpass its carrying capacity.
B) The growth rate would decrease.
C) The competition coefficient would become negative.
D

melaa 60 1 Reply

6 years ago

If the competition coefficient α is positive, that likely means

If the competition coefficient α is positive, that likely means
A) that the two species are strong competitors.
B) that the two species are predator and prey.
C) that the species are mutualistic.
D) that only one of the species wi

melaa 36 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following mutualistic relationships have the largest impact on population dynamics?

Which of the following mutualistic relationships have the largest impact on population dynamics?
A) obligate mutualists
B) generalist pollinators
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) seed-dispersing animals

Iridium 60 1 Reply

6 years ago

A mutualism in which two species benefit when living together but can survive when apart is referred ...

A mutualism in which two species benefit when living together but can survive when apart is referred to as a(n)
A) obligatory mutualism.
B) trophic mutualism.
C) dispersive mutualism.
D) facultative mutualism.

mat 68 1 Reply

6 years ago

Why might a pine seed not have a wing to disperse via air currents?

Why might a pine seed not have a wing to disperse via air currents?
A) adapted to grow near parent tree
B) wing adapted to provide extra protection
C) lack of a seed coat on the pine seed
D) spread via birds instead

melaa 54 1 Reply

6 years ago

What reward do many organisms receive for pollinating flowers?

What reward do many organisms receive for pollinating flowers?
A) protection from predators
B) no reward
C) nectar
D) fruit

mat 61 1 Reply

6 years ago

How might ants on an acacia tree serve in a mutualistic relationship?

How might ants on an acacia tree serve in a mutualistic relationship?
A) The ants fight off potential herbivores.
B) The ants carry disease.
C) The ants bring nitrogen to the tree.
D) The ants bring sugar to the tree.

melaa 77 1 Reply

6 years ago

What would you predict would happen to a plant after being invaded by Rhizobium bacteria?

What would you predict would happen to a plant after being invaded by Rhizobium bacteria?
A) It would die.
B) It would grow better.
C) It would grow worse.
D) It would wilt.

Iridium 120 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following mutualisms is a cleaning mutualism in which one species removes ectoparasites ...

Which of the following mutualisms is a cleaning mutualism in which one species removes ectoparasites from another?
A) corals and zooxanthellae
B) bees and flowers
C) ants and acacias
D) oxpeckers and large mammals

Iridium 47 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following are symbiotic with corals?

Which of the following are symbiotic with corals?
A) polyps
B) zooxanthellae
C) silica
D) clownfish

melaa 57 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following mutualists cannot survive without the mutualistic interaction?

Which of the following mutualists cannot survive without the mutualistic interaction?
A) facultative
B) subordinate
C) dependent
D) obligate

melaa 40 1 Reply

6 years ago

When the bacteria Wolbachia infects the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, what happens?

When the bacteria Wolbachia infects the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, what happens?
A) The wasp dies immediately.
B) Female wasps produce less offspring.
C) Females wasps produce more offspring.
D) Female wasps are unable to produce o

Iridium 172 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following symbiotic mutualisms involves a fungus?

Which of the following symbiotic mutualisms involves a fungus?
A) lichens
B) legume-Rhizobium interactions
C) corals and zooxanthellae
D) gut microbe-ruminant interactions

melaa 107 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which form of transmission is typically characterized by low virulence?

Which form of transmission is typically characterized by low virulence?
A) horizontal transmission
B) vertical transmission
C) indirect transmission
D) direct transmission

mat 55 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following best explains the figure?

Which of the following best explains the figure?
A) Conspicuous behavior leads to high infection intensity.
B) High intensity infection leads to more conspicuous behavior.
C) There is no relationship between conspicuous behavior and in

Iridium 42 1 Reply

6 years ago

You see a killifish jumping around on the surface before it is consumed by a bird. You conclude the ...

You see a killifish jumping around on the surface before it is consumed by a bird. You conclude the fish was
A) trying to scare off the predator.
B) hunting for flying insects.
C) infected with a trematode.
D) starving to death.

melaa 33 1 Reply

6 years ago

When infected by a parasite, an animal typically

When infected by a parasite, an animal typically
A) grows more rapidly than a healthy individual.
B) produces fewer offspring than a healthy individual.
C) behaves less conspicuously than a healthy individual.
D) is less likely to

mat 38 1 Reply

6 years ago

The production of antibodies that results from the entrance of a foreign object such as a virus or ...

The production of antibodies that results from the entrance of a foreign object such as a virus or bacterium, into the bloodstream of a host is referred to as
A) allelopathy.
B) a behavioral response.
C) an inflammatory response.

Iridium 38 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is a potential response by a plant host to a parasite?

Which of the following is a potential response by a plant host to a parasite?
A) formation of a gall
B) allelopathy
C) increased production of lymphocytes
D) more rapid growth of tissues

Iridium 50 1 Reply

6 years ago

Following infection, a typical first-line defense of the host's immune system is

Following infection, a typical first-line defense of the host's immune system is
A) reduction in white blood cell count.
B) release of antibodies.
C) forming cysts.
D) inflammation.

Iridium 58 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is the definitive host?

Which of the following is the definitive host?
A) deer
B) soil
C) snail
D) free living stage

melaa 43 1 Reply

6 years ago

The meningeal worm matures into an adult in the white-tailed deer. The deer are referred to as

The meningeal worm matures into an adult in the white-tailed deer. The deer are referred to as
A) an intermediate host.
B) a definitive host.
C) an intermediate vector.
D) a definitive vector.

Iridium 104 1 Reply

6 years ago

Plant parasites that are photosynthetic but draw water and nutrients from their host plant are ...

Plant parasites that are photosynthetic but draw water and nutrients from their host plant are referred to as
A) mycorrhizae.
B) vectors.
C) parasitoids.
D) hemiparasites.

mat 47 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following uses a mosquito as a vector?

Which of the following uses a mosquito as a vector?
A) Anopholes
B) Parelaphostrongylus
C) Plasmodium
D) Borrelia

mat 43 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following transmission modes is available for plants?

Which of the following transmission modes is available for plants?
A) direct
B) intermediate vector
C) multiple hosts and stages
D) all of the above

Iridium 58 1 Reply

6 years ago

How are fleas transmitted between hosts?

How are fleas transmitted between hosts?
A) via direct transmission
B) via an intermediate vector
C) through multiple hosts
D) via water

Iridium 48 1 Reply

6 years ago

The most debilitating external parasites of birds and mammals are spread by

The most debilitating external parasites of birds and mammals are spread by
A) a vector.
B) an intermediate host.
C) a definitive host.
D) direct contact.

melaa 49 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is an ectoparasite?

Which of the following is an ectoparasite?
A) virus that inhabits the lymphatic system
B) bacterium that attacks the brain
C) tick that attaches to the skin
D) fluke that inhabits the bloodstream

Iridium 40 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is an endoparasite?

Which of the following is an endoparasite?
A) flea
B) tapeworm
C) tick
D) mosquito

Iridium 49 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following are always photosynthetic?

Which of the following are always photosynthetic?
A) macroparasites
B) microparasites
C) hemiparasites
D) holoparasites

melaa 29 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is a macroparasite?

Which of the following is a macroparasite?
A) virus
B) bacterium
C) tick
D) protozoan

melaa 39 1 Reply

6 years ago

Microparasites are usually characterized by

Microparasites are usually characterized by
A) a large body size.
B) a long generation time.
C) a long time of infection relative to the host's expected life span.
D) direct transmission from one host to another.

Iridium 63 1 Reply