According to Hoffman, what is the major reason why terrorism is so difficult to define?
a. The meaning of the term has changed frequently over time.
b. The term is inherently subjective.
c. Terrorism is too politically charged a concept to permit a straightforward definition.
d. The phenomenon is too complex to define clearly.
e. The term is now used so loosely that a clear definition has become impossible.
What distinguishes an act of violent crime from an act of terrorism?
a. Acts of violent crime are punished in a court of law; terrorist acts are punished in military courts.
b. The purpose or motivation underlying the act is different.
c. By definition, terrorismunlike violent crimeinvolves inflicting violence against innocent people.
d. Terrorist acts involve significantly greater violence than acts of violent crime.
e. Terrorist acts are generally better organized than acts of violent crime.
What significant innovation in terrorism does Hoffman identify as having emerged in recent years?
a. the development of leaderless cells with little or no organizational structure
b. the emergence of terrorist groups devoted to political rather than ideological goals
c. the development of international networks of terrorist cells operating in numerous different countries and organized and led by a command center in yet another country
d. the emergence of lone terrorists who act on their own with no ideological or organizational affiliation
e. the blurring of the distinction among guerrillas, insurgents, and terrorists
The adoption of the name Al-Qaeda is an example of which tendency among modern terrorist groups?
a. the tendency to choose names that equate the group to a formal military organization
b. the tendency to choose names whose meanings suggest self-defense against an outside threat
c. the tendency to choose names whose meanings are neutral and innocuous
d. the tendency to choose names that identify the group as a participant in a freedom struggle
e. the tendency to choose names that openly proclaim the group's adoption of terrorist tactics
According to Hoffman, what primarily distinguishes terrorists from national armed forces?
a. National armed forces do not use violence in a way that might kill civilians, while terrorists exclusively target civilians.
b. National armed forces use violence for purely military purposes, while terrorists use it for purely political theater.
c. National armed forces generally operate within rules of warfare and codes of conduct.
d. National armed forces have more sophisticated weaponry and greater numbers.
e. The violent actions of national armed forces often spill over into third-party countries, whereas terrorists' acts of violence are more narrowly focused on their perceived oppressors.
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