If the result of an experiment is statistically significant, this means _________.
a. the result is reliable
b. the result is important
c. if we repeat the experiment, we expect the result to be significant again
d. the result is reliable and if we repeat the experiment, we expect the result to be significant again
When the results are statistically significant, this means _________.
a. the obtained probability is equal to or less than alpha
b. the independent variable has had a large effect
c. we can reject H0
d. the obtained probability is equal to or less than alpha and we can reject H0
The alpha level _________.
a. is always set at 0.05 or 0.01
b. is set after the data are analyzed
c. is determined by the consequences of making a Type I and Type II error
d. depends on N
It is important to know the possible errors (Type I or Type II) we might make when rejecting or retaining H0 _________.
a. to minimize these errors when designing the experiment
b. to be aware of the fallacy of accepting H0
c. to maximize the probability of making a correct decision by proper design
d. all of these
When the results of an experiment are nonsignificant, the proper conclusion(s) is (are) _________.
a. the experiment fails to show a real effect for the independent variable
b. chance alone is at work
c. accept H0
d. accept H1
e. the independent variable has no effect
In an experiment involving a nondirectional alternative hypothesis, the obtained result was 7 pluses and 1 minus. To evaluate the null hypothesis, which of the following probabilities would you use?
a. p(7) c. p(0) + p (1) + p(7) + p(8)
b. p(7) + p(8) d. p(1) + p(7)
In stating H0 and H1, one must be certain that they are _________.
a. mutually exclusive
b. independent
c. exhaustive
d. a series of N trials
e. mutually exclusive and exhaustive
If the alpha level is changed from 0.05 to 0.01, what effect does it have on beta?
a. beta decreases c. beta is unaffected
b. beta increases d. cannot be determined
If we set alpha at 0.05 instead of 0.01 _________.
a. we have a greater risk of a Type I error
b. we have a greater risk of a Type II error
c. we have a lesser risk of a Type II error
d. we have a greater risk of a Type I error and we have a lesser risk of a Type II error
If alpha is 0.05 and obtained probability level is 0.01, you could be making a _________.
a. Type II error or correct decision c. Type I error or a correct decision
b. Type II error or a Type I error d. all of these
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