Describe juxtaarticular demineralization.

1) Juxta means close to or adjoining. Juxtaarticular demineralization refers to the loss of minerals in the bone tissue close to or adjoining a joint. This occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis due to the constant inflammatory reaction within the joint.

2) Humeral relates to humerus, a bone in the arm. Humoral relates to humor (fluid). Humoral refers to the component of the immune system that is not cellular, and more specifically, refers to antibodies that were originally thought to be in the body humor (ie, body fluids).

3) Inducible myocardial ischemia is not constant ischemia but ischemia that occurs under certain conditions, namely stress. The ischemia can be reversed and then provoked again by changing the physiologic conditions.

4) Coronary artery disease causes ischemia that lessens the muscle activity of the tissue that is served by the artery. If an artery is occluded, less oxygen will reach the muscle tissue it serves and the muscle will show less movement. The lack of movement can be seen on an echocardiogram as a wall motion abnormality.

5) Standard bipolar leads: lead I, lead II, lead III
Augmented limb leads: aVR, aVL, aVF
Precordial leads: V1, V2, V3, etc, or V1, V2, V3, etc.

6) Concentric refers to circles within circles, or in the case of plaque, circular layers that build upon each other, eventually narrowing the diameter of the vessel lumen. Eccentric describes a less predictable pattern of accumulation. Blood flowing through concentric plaque still moves more or less in a straight line. Blood moving through an artery with eccentric plaque does not move in a straight line. Pockets formed by irregularly shaped outcroppings of plaque cause the blood to change directions, resulting in swirls and turbulence.

7) Inflammatory responses at the vascular level incite platelet clumping. Antiplatelet therapy hinders platelets' ability to stick together and propagate the coagulation cascade. Interfering with platelet clumping lessens the chance of a platelet plug occluding a coronary artery and thereby prevents a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

8) percutaneous: by way of the skin or through the skin
coronary: the heart
intervention: to stop or prevent a bad outcome
PCI is a procedure that treats coronary disease by accessing the heart with catheters threaded through a small incision in the skin as opposed to a full surgical incision.

9) A regional wall motion abnormality refers to an area of heart muscle that is contracting inadequately or not at all. The abnormality is caused by ischemia or infarction. Abnormalities may be limited to a specific region because regions of the heart are served by different coronary arteries. The ischemia or infarction would be due to a blockage in one arterial route but not all routes.

10) Perfuse is to permeate, spread throughout. In medical terms, it often refers to blood flow through an organ or tissue. Profuse typically refers to a copious or overabundant amount.

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Describe juxtaarticular demineralization.

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