What receptors are known to cause an increase in ventilation when the patient's limbs are moved or ...

(Answer to Q. 1)  ANS: D
Proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints, as well as pain receptors in muscles and skin, send stimulatory signals to the medullary respiratory center. Such stimuli increase medullary inspirato-ry activity and cause hyperpnea. For this reason, moving the limbs, slapping or splashing cold water on the skin, and other painful stimuli stimulate ventilation in patients with respiratory de-pression.

(Answer to Q. 2)  ANS: A
Hypercapnia, acidemia, and hypoxemia stimulate specialized nerve structures called chemore-ceptors.

(Answer to Q. 3)  ANS: C
Irritant receptors are responsible for laryngospasm, coughing, and slowing of the heartbeat. En-dotracheal intubation, airway suctioning, and bronchoscopy readily elicit vagovagal reflexes. Physical stimulation of the conducting airways, as with suctioning or bronchoscopy, may cause a severe case of bronchospasm, coughing, and laryngospasm.

(Answer to Q. 4)  ANS: C
Such reflexes are responsible for laryngospasm, coughing, and slowing of the heartbeat. Endo-tracheal intubation, airway suctioning, and bronchoscopy readily elicit vagovagal reflexes. Phys-ical stimulation of the conducting airways, as with suctioning or bronchoscopy, may cause a se-vere case of bronchospasm, coughing, and laryngospasm.

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