Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field in a process known as ____.
a. peer review
b. cohort review
c. research intervention
d. double-blind examination
e. peer replication
Q. 2What is the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function?
a. nutrient allowance
b. nutrient requirement
c. nutrient tolerable limit
d. nutrient adequate intake
e. nutrient recommendation
Q. 3An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a ____.
a. variable effect
b. positive correlation
c. negative correlation
d. randomization effect
e. placebo effect
Q. 4What is one benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?
a. Chance variation is less likely to affect the results.
b. The possibility of a placebo effect is eliminated.
c. The experiment will be double-blind.
d. The control group will be similar to the experimental group.
e. Experimenter bias is less likely to have an effect.
Q. 5What is one benefit of using controls in an experiment?
a. The size of the groups can be very large.
b. The subjects do not know anything about the experiment.
c. The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos.
d. The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested.
e. The costs associated with the study are usually much lower.
Q. 6You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C
pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps should you have taken to conduct your experiment correctly?
a. Giving all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and telling them what they were getting
b. Distributing the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and telling them what they were getting
c. Telling the subjects which group they were in, but preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles
d. Preventing yourself from knowing what is in the pill bottles, and distributing the bottles randomly to the subjects
e. Allowing the subjects to decide whether they take Vitamin C or the placebo, and then giving them the opposite of what they requested
Q. 7In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called a ____.
a. theory
b. prediction
c. hypothesis
d. correlation
e. deduction
Q. 8What is one major weakness of a laboratory-based study?
a. The costs are typically prohibitive.
b. Findings are difficult to replicate.
c. Results from animal testing cannot be applied to human beings.
d. Experimental variables cannot be easily controlled.
e. Causality cannot be inferred.
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