In experiments, the Hawthorne effect has its impact on the ____ group, while the John Henry effect impacts the group.
a. experimental, control b. control, experimental
Ques. 2An investigator is interested in studying teacher management behavior. He located two groups of teachers previously identified as either competent in teacher management behavior or incompetent in teacher management behavior. He found that the competent teachers' students were significantly more engaged in learning than were incompetent teachers' students. What conclusion should the investigator draw from this finding?
a. Competent teacher management behavior causes students to be more engaged in learning.
b. Competent teacher management behavior and student engagement in learning occur together.
c. To ensure that students become engaged in learning, teachers should become competent in classroom management behavior.
Ques. 3Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the examples below. Students were given a pretest measuring attitudes toward a minority group and then viewed a film on the accomplishments of members of the minority. The students showed significantly more favorable attitudes after viewing the film.
a. experimental mortality
b. reactive effect of testing
c. statistical regression
d. maturation
e. instrumentation
Ques. 4Educators are interested in the variables that affect academic achievement. Which of the following variables would require an ex post facto research design to assess its effect?
a. Number of siblings in the home
b. One-parent vs. two-parent home
c. Parent(s) educational background
d. Aptitude for academic work
e. All of these are true.
Ques. 5Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the examples below. Preschoolers who received treatment for stuttering during the year show a significant improvement in articulation.
a. experimental mortality
b. reactive effect of testing
c. statistical regression
d. maturation
e. instrumentation
Ques. 6The post hoc fallacy in research refers to
a. interpreting a relationship between two variables in an ex post facto study as a cause-effect relationship.
b. using statistical tests to locate the significant differences between groups following an analysis of covariance in ex post facto research.
c. failing to control for other independent variables that could influence the results.
d. failing to state alternative hypotheses that could account for an observed relationship.
Ques. 7Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the examples below. More low achievers than other students drop out of an individualized reading program designed to lead to gains in reading achievement.
a. experimental mortality
b. reactive effect of testing
c. statistical regression
d. maturation
e. instrumentation
Ques. 8You have a group of male high school math teachers with high scores on authoritarianism and you want to investigate the influence of authoritarianism on students' attitudes toward math. What kind of a comparison group would you choose to provide the most control in this study?
a. a group of high school teachers with low scores on authoritarianism
b. a group of high school math teachers with low scores on authoritarianism
c. a group of male high school math teachers with low scores on authoritarianism
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