There are three assessment approaches for diagnosis of phobias in children, and they include each of the following except:
a. diagnostic evaluation/interview
b. fear rating scales
c. behavioral tasks with observation
d. medical trials
e. a, b, and c
Ques. 2Most of the research on the etiology of phobias has been retrospective, meaning that:
a. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs many years after the development of their phobias
b. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs ongoing throughout years of the development of their phobias
c. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs six months after the development of their phobias
d. investigating adult or adolescent reports occurs many years after the development of their phobias has not occurred
e. None of the above
Ques. 3Previously, it had been thought that all fears in children came about through Rachman's (1976, 1977) pathways to fear acquisition:
a. direct classical conditioning
b. vicarious conditioning
c. information/instruction
d. A and b only
e. A, b, and c
Ques. 4In which of the following conditions has experimental control been demonstrated?
a. data on a target behavior change in the direction of the intervention goal
b. observers agree that the intervention has been successful
c. baseline data on a target behavior indicates no change in a therapeutic direction
d. a contingency is reversed, and data on a target behavior change in a therapeutic direction
e. data on a target behavior change in a therapeutic direction when a planned intervention is applied, but not under other controlled conditions
Ques. 5A diagnosis of SP is given only when:
a. Other anxiety disorders have been ruled out
b. A rule out for fear related to separation (separation anxiety disorder) occurs
c. A rule out for social situations (social phobia) occurs
d. A rule out for dirt/contamination (obsessive-compulsive disorder) occurs
e. All of the above
Ques. 6Single subject research designs are used to demonstrate a functional relationship between
a. behavior and antecedents
b. discriminative stimuli and consequences
c. learning and behavior
d. target behavior and intervention procedures
e. teacher and student
Ques. 7Specific phobia is present in approximately 5 percent of nonclinical children and adolescents, but increases to 15 percent among clinical samples, an indication of the high comorbidity of SP with evidence suggesting that:
a. Girls have higher rates of SP than boys
b. Differences across racial/ethnic groups are not significant.
c. Boys have higher rates of SP than girls
d. A and b
e. None of the above
Ques. 8A line is drawn to summarize changes in the rate or strength of behavior within a given condition.
a. phase
b. aim
c. trend
d. condition
e. ecological ceiling
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