Ms. Papadou was very concerned when she saw her daughter intentionally elbow another child on the soccer field. She did the right thing by:
a. not over-reacting and deciding to confront the behavior only if she saw a pattern develop.
b. pointing out her daughter's positive behavior and ignoring the elbow incident.
c. confronting the behavior as soon as possible and explaining why the behavior was aggressive.
d. elbowing her daughter to demonstrate how it feels to have another person intentionally do harm.
Ques. 2Mr. Duran spends extra time with his 8-year-old son Michael because he is concerned that Michael is not transitioning well to his new school. Recently Mr. Duran noticed that his other son, Joseph, was becoming jealous of the time his dad spends with Michael. Mr. Duran is not too concerned at this point because he knows that 6-year-old Joseph's moral reasoning skills will expand. Considering Joseph's judgment of his dad's behavior, Joseph is probably at what level of moral reasoning?
a. benevolence
b. conventional
c. equality
d. post-conventional
Ques. 3Which of the following approaches is more widely advocated as an effective way for schools to address the problem of bullying?
a. zero tolerance policies
b. school wide positive behavior supports
c. counseling for parents of children who bully and children who are bullied
d. punitive approaches to antisocial behavior
Ques. 4What is known about the self-esteem of bullies?
a. Bullies may have high or low self-esteem.
b. Children who bully peers in middle childhood have low self-esteem.
c. Bullies raise their low self-esteem by bullying weaker children.
d. Boys who bully have low self-esteem, but girls who bully may have low or high self-esteem.
Ques. 5Bart is high in aggression at the age of 8. He is in the third grade and has started fights with many of the children in his class. Based on longitudinal studies, what correlations (if any) have been identified between behavior such as Bart's at the age of 8 and behavior later in life?
a. Children who show aggression in middle childhood usually develop mature behaviors and behave with moderation in adulthood.
b. Longitudinal studies indicate no correlation between aggressive behavior at the age of 8 and aggressive behavior later in life.
c. Children who show signs of aggression at age 8 are significantly more likely to be convicted of a crime by age 30.
d. When aggressive school-age children are given freedom to act independently, they develop normal prosocial behaviors.
Ques. 6Jacob organizes a fund raiser in his class to help children in Japan after the 2010 earthquake and tsunami. Jacob is demonstrating:
a. concrete individualistic perspective.
b. heteronomous morality.
c. moral realism.
d. prosocial behavior.
Ques. 7Kohlberg's theory has been criticized for the following reason:
a. The sample sizes were low in the majority of his studies.
b. It is biased in favor of Western cultures that value individualism.
c. He primarily studied adults and inferred children's early thinking.
d. It is based on a longitudinal study of women and lacks validity.
Ques. 8Ramona is an 11 year-old girl who strongly believes she can control her anxiety enough during the audition to be selected for the play being held at her local community theater. Ramona's belief is a good example of a child with a positive sense of:
a. self-esteem.
b. self-concept.
c. industry.
d. emotional self-efficacy.
Ques. 9Which of the following examples demonstrates procedural metacognition?
a. using seriation to organize blocks according to their sizes.
b. pausing to make a mental summary of a complex section of text.
c. sharpening your pencil before school starts every day.
d. memorizing the names of all state capitals.
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