Studies of infants' statistical learning abilities have shown that:
A. infants calculate simple t-tests to determine where word boundaries are.
B. infants can keep track of statistical properties of their input, but they require hours (if not days) of exposure to make useful inferences.
C. infants can use the statistical properties of their input to help them find words and also higher level elements such as grammatical categories.
D. infants cannot calculate statistics.
Question 2Infants who tune their perceptual system to their native language phonemes more quickly:
A. are not able to make categorical distinctions among phonemes.
B. are also more likely to retain the ability to perceive non-native phoneme contrasts.
C. show later difficulties with non-auditory aspects of language development.
D. show more rapid language development in the word learning stage.
Question 3Infants are called universal listeners because:
A. they spend so much time listening to everything going on around them.
B. they categorically perceive phonemes.
C. they can discriminate among a large perhaps universal set of phones.
D. they possess a universal grammar (UG) which allows them to process what they listen to into a grammar.
Question 4Categorical Perception of phonemes refers to the fact that:
A. Linguists can categorize all of the perceived sounds into phonemes.
B. we hear sounds as belonging to a single phoneme category, even though the acoustic differences between sounds are along a continuous dimension.
C. the phoneme /b/ has a shorter voice onset time (VOT) than the phoneme /p/ has.
D. infants tune their perceptual system to categorize phonemes over the first year of life.
Question 5Which of the following constitutes true evidence that infants can hear and learn about sounds in-utero?
A. the fact that 6 weeks after birth, infants prefer to listen to specific passages of poetry they were read in-utero.
B. the fact that infants cry when they hear loud sounds after birth.
C. the fact that by 12 months of age, infants have tuned their perception to their native language.
D. the fact that babies are born with fully developed ears.
Question 6To investigate whether or not an infant understood the meanings of words she did not yet understand, a researcher showed the infant pairs of objects on the screen and monitored her eye-gaze as one of the objects was labeled. This method is called:
A. the conditioned head-turn procedure.
B. the intermodal preferential looking paradigm.
C. the habituation method.
D. the Near-infrared spectroscopy method.
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