Theme 2 argues that people are usually fairly accurate on cognitive tasks. How does this theme apply to deductive reasoning tasks?
a. people are not very accurate on everyday deductive-reasoning tasks, so the theme doesn't apply here.
b. the reasoning tasks we encounter in our daily lives are generally more concrete, so we are more likely to be accurate.
c. people typically change these reasoning tasks into decision-making tasks, which are easier to solve quickly and accurately.
d. people really are quite accurate on reasoning tasks, even when these tasks are abstract.
Question 2According to the introductory discussion of decision making in Chapter 12,
a. researchers in this area come from many other disciplines, in addition to psychology.
b. the research on decision making is usually lower in ecological validity than is the research on logical reasoning.
c. people are less likely to use heuristics when they work on decision-making tasks, rather than on logical-reasoning tasks.
d. like logical reasoning, decision making has a formal set of rules for drawing the correct conclusions.
Question 3An important difference between reasoning and decision making is that
a. reasoning tasks are more likely to use established rules to reach a conclusion.
b. reasoning tasks are more likely to generate ecologically valid research.
c. decision-making tasks are more likely to emphasize abstract premises.
d. decision-making tasks are more likely to include all the necessary information.
Question 4Suppose that Joseph Brown is a U.S. diplomat who works in Country X, and he is trying to assess whether Country X poses a threat to the United States.
The diplomat gathers evidence that Country X poses a threat, but he does not try to gather evidence that Country X does not pose a threat. This error is called
a. the failure to transfer knowledge to a new task.
b. the belief-bias effect.
c. the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic.
d. the confirmation bias.
Quick Reply
