Which of these is an example of secondary data?

Which of these is an example of secondary data?
 
  a. The results of a researcher's questionnaire
 b. Information on the population from the Census Bureau
 c. The results of one's sociological telephone survey
 d. Data gathered from doing participant observation

Question 2

Which of the following is not considered one of the central aspects of a gendered institution?
 
  a. The personal opinions and attitudes of the individual members of the institution
 b. Stereotypical role expectations for men and women
 c. Stratification of the positions within the institution, based on sex
 d. Organizational structure that gives advantages to men

Question 3

When used as data for sociological analysis, national opinion polls, and census data are all considered _____.
 
  a. invalid
 b. unreliable
 c. secondary sources
 d. primary sources

Question 4

With regard to homophobia and gender socialization, the author argues that
 
  a. homophobia plays little role in gender socialization.
 b. there is no connection between homophobia and gender norms.
 c. homophobia may have serious negative consequences for both heterosexual and homosexual men and women.
 d. while homophobia has an influence on male socialization, it has no effect on the socialization of women.

Question 5

When choosing a research method, the first thing for sociologists to consider is
 
  a. what sociological question is being investigated.
 b. which research method is most popular at the time of the study.
 c. if funding is available for that particular method.
 d. the size of the desired sample.

Question 6

Which of these statements regarding homophobia and gender expectations is false?
 
  a. Fear of being perceived as gay drives greater conformity to male gender norms.
 b. Homophobia has the effect of discouraging feminine traits, such as gentleness and empathy, in men.
 c. Men who endorse the most traditional masculine roles tend to be the most homophobic.
 d. While homophobia encourages gender norm conformity, it is not likely to promote hostility toward gays and lesbians.

Question 7

When sociologists conduct surveys or engage in participant observation they are gathering _____ data.
 
  a. primary
 b. secondary
 c. background
 d. experimental