Can you explain to me in detail on why Formula 1 cars have high drag coefficients?

No, that is high negative-lift coefficients that give it downforce.   NOT DRAG...LIFT.  And it is stated as "negative lift" because ordinarily lift acts upward.


High drag coefficient in and of itself is NEVER desirable, unless the goal is to bring something to a rest.


It is only due to the design to get a high negative-lift coefficient, that you coincidentally get a high drag coefficient.  What you WANT in negative-lift, you PAY FOR in drag.



The way that negative lift makes a race car go faster is that it enables the wheels to gain more traction with the road.


The upper limit of deliverable traction is given by the product of:
1. the NORMAL FORCE of the road pushing up on the tires
2. the surface condition called coefficient of static friction


To get more deliverable traction, you can either:
1. make the car require a greater support force from below
or
2. pick a different set of surface conditions such that the road/tire combination is rougher/stickier.


We really have limited control over #2...so we instead control #1. You can either accomplish this by (A) adding more material to the car, or (B) have another object push down on the car.


The problem with (A) is that sure you get more traction, but that traction becomes less effective, acting upon an object of larger inertia.  Changing the mass is a no-op in terms of the limit of traction-based acceleration.


So what we do is (B) in order to accomplish #1.  We make the air push downward on the car, by specially shaping the car so that it deflects oncoming air upward to receive a downforce from the air.


So, now my question for you is:
In theory (not necessarily in practice), can a race car be driven upside-down on the ceiling in the steady state?   Suppose, for argument's sake, that it has a roof-support during its acceleration zone, so that it doesn't need to depend upon upthrust during that initial speed-up period.

Due to the aerospace design
Enforcee is necessary for maintaining speed through corners.Due to the fact that the engine power available today can overcome much of the opposing forces induced by drag, design attention has been focused on first perfecting the down force properties of a car then addressing drag.