Summarize the 3 major theories of pitch perception.

Place theory suggests that sounds of different frequency maximally stimulate different locations on the basilar membrane. For example, high-frequency sounds cause the most stimulation close to the oval window. Lower-pitched sounds cause the greatest vibration further down the basilar membrane. However, this localization only holds for sounds above 4,000 cycles per second. For sounds between 20 and 1,000 cycles per second, the basilar membrane vibrates at the same frequency as the sound wave and, ultimately, neurons in the auditory nerve fire at the same frequency. This is referred
to as frequency theory. Since neurons can only fire at 1,000 times per second, frequencies between 1,000 and 4,000 cycles per second require a volley principle in which groups of neurons fire in alternating succession to match the frequency of the sound.