Two-tailed tests of significance should be used whenever there is a non-directional hypothesis. ...

Two-tailed tests of significance should be used whenever there is a non-directional hypothesis.
 
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When using inferential statistics, we must risk either a Type I error or a Type II error, we cannot avoid risking both.
 
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When two groups are significantly different on a dependent variable at the .05 level of significance, it means that there is a five-percent difference between them.
 
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