Which of the following is a way in which countries have tried to increase their population growth? ...

Which of the following is a way in which countries have tried to increase their population growth?
 
  a. Paying a bonus to families that have babies
 b. Offering a monetary reward to women who have only one child
 c. Creating policies to require employment of mothers
 d. Increasing access to birth control

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Countries with below-replacement fertility levels
 
  a. often have policies to reduce fertility levels.
 b. often have policies to keep fertility levels stable.
 c. often have policies to increase fertility levels.
 d. typically do not have any policies related to fertility.