Which is normally present in a subject with type O blood?
A. erythrocytes carrying type A antigen
B. erythrocytes carrying type B antigen
C. both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma
D. erythrocytes with both type A antigen and type B antigen
E. plasma that has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
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Question 2) Which of the following statements regarding blood-type incompatibilities between a mother and her fetus is TRUE?
A. An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.
B. An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.
C. A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.
D. The risk to an Rh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she has previously carried an Rh-negative fetus.
E. The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.
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Question 3) What two cell types are mainly responsible for graft rejection?
A. B cells and helper T cells
B. natural killer cells and B cells
C. marcrophages and natural killer cells
D. cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells
E. B cells and plasma cells
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Question 4) Which class of antibodies are commonly called gamma globulin?
A. IgM
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgA
E. IgD
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Question 5) Which is NOT true about AIDS?
A. It is caused by a retrovirus.
B. It is caused by a virus that contains RNA.
C. It is transmitted by intimate contact with infected blood, sexual intercourse with an infected partner, or by an infected mother to her fetus or breast-fed infant.
D. Certain unusual cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma co-occur with relatively high frequency.
E. The HIV virus preferentially enters and disables B cells.
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Question 6) Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of IL-1 and other cytokines in response to infection or tissue injury?
A. increased plasma levels of amino acids
B. increased secretion of colony-stimulating factors
C. decreased appetite
D. secretion of acute-phase proteins by the liver
E. stimulation of helper T cells
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Question 7) B cells that differentiate during an initial immune response but remain dormant until being activated during a subsequent exposure to an antigen are called:
A. T cells.
B. memory cells.
C. macrophages.
D. monocytes.
E. cytokines.
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Question 8) Which of these correctly describes a systemic response to infection?
A. Appetite generally increases compared to normal.
B. The body's set point temperature is reset so that body temperature is maintained lower than normal.
C. The liver retains iron and zinc so plasma levels are decreased from normal.
D. There is reduced breakdown of triglycerides in adiopse tissue and a decrease in plasma free fatty acids compared to normal.
E. Secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex is decreased.
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Question 9) Antibodies are:
A. secreted by helper T cells.
B. cytokines.
C. immunoglobulins.
D. composed of two polypeptide chains - a heavy chain and a light chain.
E. phagocytes.
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Question 10) Which is NOT true regarding antibodies?
A. They are secreted by plasma cells.
B. They protect against viruses by binding to them and presenting them to phagocytes.
C. They protect against viruses by binding to them and neutralizing them.
D. They activate complement.
E. They are the main mediators of the innate immune response.
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