In a nuclear power plant, the reactor produces 500C steam that is used to power the steam turbines which generate 1500 MW of electrical power. The cooling tower eliminates the waste heat at 50C. If the efficiency of the plant were that of a Carnot engine, at what rate would waste heat be vented to the atmosphere?
[Ques. 2] A 4.00-liter container is divided into two equal parts, one part containing 0.0100 mole of neon, and the other part containing 0.0100 mole of helium. The divider is removed and the gases mix. What is the change in entropy (in J/K) of this system?
a. 0.0576
b. 0.115
c. 0.173
d. 0.0864
e. 0.144
[Ques. 3] Suppose there are 3 molecules in a container. If each molecule has a 1-in-2 chance of being in the left half of the container, what is the probability that there are exactly 2 molecules in the left half of the container?
a. 1/2
b. 1/3
c. 1/8
d. 3/8
e. 3/5
[Ques. 4] What is the probability of rolling either a 7 or 11 on a single roll of a pair of dice?
a. 1/6
b. 2/9
c. 3/8
d. 1/3
e. 1/2
[Ques. 5] For a pair of dice, how many microstates are there that result in the macrostate of rolling a 7?
a. 1
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
e. 36
[Ques. 6] For the same temperature increase in a system, the change in entropy, S, is largest in a reversible
a. constant-volume process.
b. constant-pressure process.
c. adiabatic process.
d. process in which no heat is transferred.
e. process in which no work is performed.
[Ques. 7] Which answer below is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics?
a. Real processes proceed in a preferred direction.
b. Energy does not flow spontaneously by heat from a cold to a hot reservoir.
c. The entropy of the universe increases in all natural processes.
d. In theory, heat engines working in a cycle employ reversible processes.
e. You cannot construct a heat engine, operating in a cycle that does nothing but take heat from a reservoir and perform an equal amount of work.
[Ques. 8] A violation of the second law of thermodynamics would occur if
a. a ball lying on the ground spontaneously moved to the top of a desk.
b. an object with low temperature transferred energy in the form of heat to an object with a higher temperature.
c. a motion picture was run backwards through the projector.
d. any of the above occurred.
e. (a) or (b) occurred, but not (c).
[Ques. 9] A violation of the second law of thermodynamics would occur if
a. a ball lying on the ground started to bounce.
b. transfer of energy by heat moved energy from an object at low temperature to an object at a higher temperature.
c. a refrigerator heated the air in the room in which the refrigerator is located.
d. any of the above occurred.
e. (a) or (b) occurred, but not (c).
[Ques. 10] In an engine operating in the Otto cycle, the final volume of the fuel-air mixture is one sixth the initial volume. Assume = 1.4 . The maximum theoretical efficiency of this cycle is
a. 17.
b. 49.
c. 51.
d. 56.
e. 83.
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