Lawrence is evaluating a report that he will be submitting to his supervisor. What should Lawrence ...

Answer to #1

D

Answer to #2

Important factors of phonation are pitch, volume, and rate. These factors permit us to recognize other people's voices over the phone.
(a) Pitch: The highness or lowness of the voice is called pitch. Pleasant voices have medium or low pitch; however, a varied pitch pattern is desirable. The pitch of the voice rises and falls to reflect emotions; for example, fear and anger are reflected in a higher pitch; sadness, in a lower pitch. Lower pitches for both men and women are perceived as sounding more authoritative; higher pitches indicate less confidence and suggest pleading or whining. Techniques discussed later in this section can help you lower the pitch of your voice.
(b) Volume: The loudness of tones is referred to as volume. Generally, good voices are easily heard by everyone in the audience but are not too loud. Use variety to hold the audience's attention, emphasize words or ideas, and create a desired atmosphere.
(c) Rate: The speed at which words are spoken is called rate. Never speak so quickly that the audience cannot understand your message or so slowly that they are distracted or irritated. Vary the rate with the demands of the situation. For example, speak at a slower rate when presenting a complex concept or emphasizing an important idea. Pause to add emphasis to a key point or to transition to another major section of the presentation. Speak at a faster rate when presenting less important information or when reviewing.

Answer to #3

C

Answer to #4

To ensure readability of a presentation visual, you should follow these guidelines:
(a) Choose the accent colors that complement the color scheme. Accent colors are used in small doses to draw attention to key elements: bullet markers; bars/slices in graphs, backgrounds (fills) of shapes and lines, selected text; or drawings that are color coded for emphasis.
(b) Choose an appealing font that can be read on-screen easily. Avoid delicate, decorative, or condensed choices that are difficult to read when projected. The clean, simple lines of a sans serif font, such as Calibri, Tahoma, or Verdana, are ideal for projecting on a large screen, newspaper headline, sign, or billboard. A sans serif font has no short cross-strokes, known as serifs, which provide extra detail that helps guide the eye on print media. Examples of serif fonts are Cambria, Times New Roman, and Garamond.
(c) Follow these keyboarding rules for easy reading. Use capital letters sparingly as they are difficult to read from a distance. Capitalize the first letter of important words in slide titles (initial caps) and the first letter of the first word and proper nouns in a bulleted list (sentence case). Omit hard-to-see punctuation at the end of bulleted lists and elsewhere, and avoid abbreviations and hyphenations that might cause confusion.
(d) Reflect legal and ethical responsibility in the design of presentation visuals. Presentation visuals should be uncluttered, easily understood, and depict information honestly.
(e) Proofread the visual carefully following the same systematic procedures used for printed letters and reports and electronic communication. Misspellings in visuals are embarrassing and diminish your credibility. Double-check to be certain that names of people, companies, and products are spelled correctly.

Answer to #5

B

Answer to #6

A presenter may make the following errors while using visuals:
(i) Using too many or not enough visual aids
(ii) Including elaborate descriptions in the slides by incorporating all possible ideas
(iii) Choosing an ineffective template
(iv) Using too many colors that creates an overwhelming feel
(v) Choosing a background color that does not complement the text color
(vi) Relying on the dense crutch notes displayed on the screen and not effective images to create an impression

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