Which of the following is a criticism of formal operational reasoning as a stage of cognitive development?
a. It does not describe the sensory-based reasoning of which adolescents are capable.
b. It does not deal with the ability of adolescents to raise hypotheses about an unknown future.
c. It is not broad enough to encompass the many dimensions along which cognitive functioning changes in adolescence.
d. It includes too many dimensions such as the biological basis and social context of reasoning.
Question 2Which of the following are discussed as the three primary social contexts for development?
a. Family, culture, and ethnic group
b. School, work, and community
c. Home, neighborhood, and country
d. Friends, family, and work
Question 3Within the process of communication, which of the following patterns builds a sense of mutuality between the infant and the caregiver?
a. Attend, protest, anger
b. Trust, mistrust, withdrawal
c. Coordination, mismatch, repair d. Coordination, mismatch, protest
Question 4According to research on formal operational thought,
a. most 15-year-olds do not use formal operational strategies on all problems.
b. formal operational thought is observed consistently by adults in all cultures.
c. mature scientific reasoning does not require formal operational thought.
d. most 13-year-olds used formal operational strategies on most problems.
Question 5Dylan wants to drop out of high school and go to New York to be a musician. Her parents, friends, and high school teachers encourage her to graduate from high school prior to moving to New York. This encouragement is an example of what organizing principle of psychosocial theory?
a. Stages of development
b. Central process
c. Radius of significant others
d. Coping behavior
Question 6When infants pay attention to their caregivers, the caregivers attempt to stimulate them. When infants withdraw attention, caregivers reduce their efforts at stimulation. This illustrates the concept of
a. synchrony.
b. trust.
c. communication repair.
d. soothability.
Question 7The changes in conceptual development that occur during the early adolescent period can result in
a. a more flexible, critical, and abstract view of the world.
b. fewer creative ideas.
c. greater belief in one's own ideas and relatively little understanding of others' ideas.
d. a less flexible, critical, and longitudinal view of the world.
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