Part 1 of 1 - 23.0/ 25.0 Points
Question 1 of 25 =D
1.0/ 1.0 Points
For a nomothetic causal relationship to exist, there must be evidence:
A.of an empirical correlation between the variables
B.of an empirical correlation between the variables
C.that a third variable did not cause the changes observed in the first two variables
D.of an empirical correlation between the variables, one variable precedes the other in time, and a third variable did not cause the changed observed in the first two variables E.of an empirical correlation between the variables and that one variable precedes the other in time
Question 2 of 25 =D
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Which of the following hypotheses best fits the criteria of causality?
A.males have higher suicide rates than females
B.as income increases, age tends to increase
C.as education increases, income tends to increase
D.As education increases, income tends to increase even after controlling for gender and race
E.gender tends to influence jury verdict
Question 3 of 25 =C
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Professor King examined all the reasons given by 100 couples for their marriages. In the final research report, King listed all the reasons given by the 200 people for their marriages. Professor King is:
A.seeking a probabilistic explanation for marriage
B.using a nomothetic explanation for marriage
C.using an idiographic explanation for marriage D.committing the error of suppressed evidence
E.none of these choice
Question 4 of 25 =D
1.0/ 1.0 Points
If we can establish that variable X comes before variable Q in time, then we can say
A.variable X is a cause of variable Q
B.variable X is not a cause of variable Q
C.variable Q is a cause of variable X
D.variable Q is not a cause of variable X E.variable Q may cause variable X
Question 5 of 25 =C
1.0/ 1.0 Points
In Sweden, there is a very strong correlation between the number of storks and the number of babies born. However, both of these variables are associated with region (rural vs. urban). This illustrates
A.that the number of storks is causally related to the number of babies
B.that number of babies born precedes the number of storks in tim
C.that there is no causal relationship between the number of storks and the number of babies D.that storks really do bring babies
E.none of these choices
Question 6 of 25 =A
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Professor Root was studying the arrest rates for drunken driving in urban and rural areas of Ohio. It was found that the arrest rate was higher in the rural areas. Professor Root concluded that people who live in rural areas are more likely to drive while intoxicated than are people who live in urban areas. Root's conclusion illustrates the:
A.ecological fallacy B.individualistic fallacy
C.usefulness of good deductive reasoning
D.importance of trend studies
E.reductionist fallacy
Question 7 of 25 =B
1.0/ 1.0 Points
When a researcher is faced with the question from whom or what will the information be gathered, that researcher is dealing with which stage of the research design process?
A.purposes of research
B.units of analysis C.topics for research
D.time dimension
E.motivations for research
Question 8 of 25 =C
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?
A.It is conducted at only one point in time.
B.It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory.
C.It concentrates on changes that take place in a specific sample over a period of time. D.It provides a means for studying a large population at the same point in time.
E.All of these choices are characteristics of the cross-sectional study.
Question 9 of 25 =A
1.0/ 1.0 Points
If a researcher were conducting a study of women's attitudes toward abortion, the unit of analysis would be:
A.the individual B.attitudes
C.each abortion
D.the women's attitudes
E.the society
Question 10 of 25 =A
1.0/ 1.0 Points
The 2010 Census is a_______study that when used with another decennial census could be considered a __________ study.
A.cross-sectional, trend B.cross-sectional, panel
C.cross-sectional, cohort
D.cross-sectional, cross-sectional
E.trend, cohort
Question 11 of 25 =B
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Explanatory studies are designed to find answers to which of the following questions?
A.What is the educational profile of people who change careers in midlife?
B.Why are people changing careers in midlife? C.How many people change careers in midlife?
D.Does the occupational prestige of a career tend to increase for midlife career changers?
E.All of these choices are questions that an explanatory study is designed to examine.
Question 12 of 25 =D
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Professor Stone designs a study to examine the effect of a teenage pregnancy on the career choices of the teens. Stone interviews a sample of teenage women during their pregnancy, after the birth, and one year later. Stone is using
A.cross sectional design
B.trend study
C.cohort study
D.panel study E.cannot tell from the given information
Question 13 of 25 =A
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Which of the following sequences illustrates the progression of measurement steps in a fully structured scientific study?
A.Conceptualization, nominal definition, operational definition, and measurements in the real world B.Nominal definition, conceptualization, operational definition, and measurements in the real world
C.Operational definition, conceptualization, nominal definition, and measurements in the real world
D.Nominal definition, operationalization, conceptualization, and real-world measurements
E.Conceptualization, operationalization, nominal definition, and real-world measurements
Question 14 of 25 =A
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Professor Smith gave an exam on Monday. On Wednesday Smith gave the same class the same exam. Professor Smith was clearly interested in assessing the exam's:
A.reliability B.validity
C.face validity
D.conceptualization
E.precision
Question 15 of 25 =E
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Professor Spence decided to define socioeconomic status as a combination of income and education. Spence then determined the questions to be asked in a survey and the categories of responses. Spence was assigning socioeconomic status:
A.a nominal definition only
B.an operational and real definition
C.a real definition only
D.a nominal and a real definition
E.a nominal and an operational definition Question 16 of 25 =??
0.0/ 1.0 Points
Hudson et al. developed a series of questions to examine sexual attitudes (SAS). The SAS scores of religious fundamentalists, a group believed to be conservative regarding sexual expression, were compared with the scores of social work graduate students, a group believed to be liberal regarding sexual expression. The researchers were examining the instrument's:
A.split-half reliability
B.split-half validity
C.criterion validity
D.criterion reliability
E.construct validity Question 17 of 25 =??
0.0/ 1.0 Points
Definitions are more problematic for descriptive research than for explanatory research because:
A.the conclusions reached in a descriptive study depend directly on the specific operational definitions employed B.changing definitions often results in different descriptive conclusions
C.explanatory research is more dependent upon patterns of relationships, and these are more consistent than definitions D.all of these choices are correct
E.definitions are equally problematic for descriptive and explanatory research
Question 18 of 25 =C
1.0/ 1.0 Points
A complete conceptualization involves:
A.specifying dimensions only
B.specifying indicators only
C.specifying dimensions and identifying the various indicators of each dimension D.specifying indicators and identifying the various dimensions of each indicator
E.specifying variables and their attributes
Question 19 of 25 =A
1.0/ 1.0 Points
When the variable religious affiliation is classified as Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish, this variable has the important quality of being:
A.mutually exclusive B.exhaustive
C.interchangeable
D.nominal scale
E.ordinal scale
Question 20 of 25 =E
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Which of the following is a nominal variable?
A.education
B.age
C.employment status
D.occupational prestige
E.need to know the attributes to determine the level of measurement Question 21 of 25 =E
1.0/ 1.0 Points
A researcher must decide in the process of operationalization:
A.how and what to measure
B.the range of variation to consider
C.the use of single or multiple indicators
D.what level of measurement to use
E.all of these choices must be decided in the process of operationalization Question 22 of 25 =C
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Measuring how people feel about proposed income tax hikes when you really want to know how well informed they are on the proposal is a problem of operationalization concerning:
A.the use of single or multiple indicators
B.how observations are going to be made
C.the specific dimensions of the variable to be studied D.the relevant range of variations
E.the degree of precision needed between extremes
Question 23 of 25 =C
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Shipley developed a NEW test to measure IQ. Using his test, someone with an IQ of 180 would be considered twice as intelligent as someone with an IQ of 90 and someone with an IQ of 90 was three times as intelligent as someone with an IQ of 30. Shipley's test treats IQ as a(n):
A.nominal variable
B.interval variable
C.ratio variable D.ordinal variable
E.none of these choices
Question 24 of 25 =D
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Professor Tilton measured the variable "feelings toward drafting women" with the categories strongly agree, agree, indifferent, disagree, and strongly disagree. Professor Tilton was using the level of measurement.
A.nominal
B.interval
C.ration
D.ordinal E.not enough information to decide
Question 25 of 25 =B
1.0/ 1.0 Points
Jeremy can't decide whether he should ask people whether they "very strongly agree," "agree," "disagree, "very strongly disagree" or whether they simply "agree" or "disagree" with statements about the war in Iraq. Jeremy is dealing with the problem of:
A.whether to use single or multiple indicators of a concept
B.the range of variation C.whether to use a ratio or ordinal measurement
D.whether to use a ratio or interval measurement
E.whether to use single or multiple dimensions
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