Explain any two processes here and how it is stress related.

See the glucocorticoid?

Glucocorticoid enters the cell and binds to the GR. The GR changes conformation and the heat shock proteins fall off.



The activated GR/glucocorticoid complex binds to another, forming a homodimer, and this complex enters the nucleus through a transport protein.

The GR interacts with the cell's DNA, upregulating the production of a pro-apoptotic signal, bax. The message leaves the nucleus, is translated by a ribosome, and travels to a mitochondrion, where it binds to the membrane.



Pores form in the mitochondria and cytochrome c is released. Cytochrome c is very important to respiration, so when it leaves the mitochondria, respiration ceases. The cell is now committed to apoptosis.



Cytochrome c, with the help of a another molecule, Apoptosis Activation Factor-1 (Apaf-1), activates the caspases.

The caspases:

Activate endonucleases. Endonucleases destroy the cell's DNA. Cleave PARP. PARP normally repairs damaged DNA. When PARP is cleaved by caspases, it no longer functions, hastening destruction of the DNA by endonucleases. Cleave important enzymes– some are deactivated; others, deregulated. The deregulation of enzymes catalyzing structural protein formation leads to apoptosis' charactersitic blebbing of the cell's membrane



Phosphatidyl serine, a molecule normally found on the inside of the cell's membrane, is flipped to the outside (probably by cytochrome c.) Macrophages thus recognize the cell, and engulf and digest the blebs. The cell's contents are not released, thus there is no inflammation and damage to the surrounding tissues.

wow thanks so much   

one question though, is this all one process or  how many   

One cellular process leads to the other.

im sorry its really late and im slow 
so its Glucocoticoids (first process) leading to The caspases (second process) ?
and thanks for your help a lot !!!!

Glucocorticoid binds to GR GR binds to DNA to produce BAX mRNA BAX proteins are formed they bind to the mitochondria mitochondria is disrupted it releases cytochrome c this initiates apoptosis cell dies

oooh so you explained more than two process for me.
mhmm this is excellent thanks very much
you wouldnt mind if i use this for my assignment ?

Not at all, it's all yours. Just make sure to manipulate it into your own words

okay thanks again but um do you have the link to were you got it from or the website so i can include that in my work cited.

Good question, I forgot the link, sorry. Are they expecting you to cite your work? Just curious.

yes they do 

but i can make up one
thanks a lot for your help !

Exactly.