A recently injured (3 months ago) client with a spinal cord injury at T4 to T5 is experiencing a ...

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Autonomic hyperreflexia, an acute episode of exaggerated sympathetic reflex responses that occur in persons with injuries at T6 and above, in which central nervous system (CNS) control of spinal reflexes is lost, does not occur until spinal shock has resolved and autonomic reflexes return. Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by vasospasm, hypertension ranging from mild to severe, skin pallor, and gooseflesh associated with the piloerector response. In many cases, the dysreflexic response results from a full bladder. There is no indication the client has right-sided heart failure (jugular vein distention); has a DVT (calf redness, warmth, or edema); or has strep throat (pustules and red throat/tonsils).