I was wondering if anyone had the answers to the InterActive Physiology Endocrine System: Biochemistry, Secretion and Transport of Hormones review.
1. Place the following hormones into one of the three categories of hormones (peptides, amines or steroids): T4 (thyroxin), estradiol, norepinephrine, insulin, aldosterone, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, T3 (triiodothyronine), epinephrine, testosterone and vasopressin (ADH): 1. Peptide, 2. Amines, 3. Steroids
2. Peptide hormones are synthesized as large precursor hormones called _______. The hormones (or prohormones) are stored in _____ _____ and released from the cell by ______. Do peptide hormones require a carrier in the blood stream?_______
3. Catecholemines are produced in the ______ of the adrenal gland and are classified as ________ hormones since they are derived from ________. Stimulation of the chromaffin cells causes an influx of ______ ions, which causes the vesicles to merge with the plasma membrane and release the hormone by _______. Are catecholemines water-soluble or lipid-soluble? _______
4. Thyroid hormones include two molecules called _____and ____. T3 consists of two ______ molecules plus ___ iodine molecules and is (more or less) abundant than T4. Are carriers required for the transport of thyroid hormones? _______
5. All steroid hormones are derived from ________, which steroid hormone is produced is determined by the ______ present in the cell. The common precursor molecule for all steroid hormones is __________. Steroid hormones enter the blood stream by __________ and __________ (do or do not) require a carrier. The rate of secretion of steroid hormones is (faster or slower) than catecholemines because steroid hormones are not ________.
6. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers trigger the release of ___________ and __________ (hormones) from the ________ _______ (gland), this is an example of neural regulation of hormone secretion.
7. Two examples of hormonal regulation of hormone secretion include: 1) the negative feedback of T3 & T4 to decrease _____ levels; and 2) the negative feedback of cortisol which decreases both ______ and _____ levels.
8. Besides increased levels of plasma glucose and amino acids (humoral regulation), increased levels of both ______ (hormone) and the _______ nervous system increase plasma insulin levels.
9. Some hormones are released in rhythmic 24 hour patterns know as ________ rhythms. ________ is a hormone where stressful stimuli can override this pattern and increase the plasma hormone levels. In contrast, _______ hormones (amine hormones) are an example where large amounts of the hormones are bound to carrier proteins in the plasma forming a large circulating reservoir. Thus, acute changes do not produce large changes in the plasma level of this hormone.
10. The ______ and _______ are the major organs that metabolize hormones. The type of hormone determines how fast they are metabolized. _______ and _______ are rapidly metabolized, while _______ and _______ take longer to metabolize.
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